Ionospheric conductance is a crucial factor in regulating the closure of magnetospheric field-aligned currents through the ionosphere as Hall and Pedersen currents. Despite its importance in predictive investigations of the magnetosphere - ionosphere coupling, the estimation of ionospheric conductance in the auroral region is precarious in most global first-principles based models. This impreciseness in estimating the auroral conductance impedes both our understanding and predictive capabilities of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system during extreme space weather events. In this article, we address this concern, with the development of an advanced Conductance Model for Extreme Events (CMEE) that estimates the auroral conductance from field aligned current values. CMEE has been developed using nonlinear regression over a year's worth of one-minute resolution output from assimilative maps, specifically including times of extreme driving of the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The model also includes provisions to enhance the conductance in the aurora using additional adjustments to refine the auroral oval. CMEE has been incorporated within the Ridley Ionosphere Model (RIM) of the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) for usage in space weather simulations. This paper compares performance of CMEE against the existing conductance model in RIM, through a validation process for six space weather events. The performance analysis indicates overall improvement in the ionospheric feedback to ground-based space weather forecasts. Specifically, the model is able to improve the prediction of ionospheric currents which impact the simulated dB/dt and ΔB, resulting in substantial improvements in dB/dt predictive skill.
Extreme, transient bursts of energy in the auroral ionosphere. II. A magnetotail dipolarization event
University of Saskatchewan（萨斯喀彻温大学）；University of Alberta（阿尔伯塔大学）；University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与空间科学研究院）；Korea University of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）；University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学）；Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics（莱布尼茨大气物理研究所）
The impact of electron precipitation on Earth's thermospheric NO production and the drag of LEO satellites
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院空间研究所）；Technical University, Graz（格拉茨工业大学）；Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院天文研究所）；National Center of Physics and Mathematics（国家物理数学中心）；Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna（维也纳大学天体物理系）；Austrian Space Weather Office, GeoSphere Austria（奥地利空间天气办公室，地球系统奥地利）
Extreme, transient bursts of energy in the auroral ionosphere. I. Predictive radar tracking
University of Saskatchewan（萨斯喀彻温大学）；Mount Royal University（皇家山大学）；University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学）；Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn（吕讷堡莱布尼茨大气物理研究所）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与空间科学研究所）；Korea University of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）
