利用单个磁子能级测量提升磁场与电偶极矩测量灵敏度
Improving sensitivity to magnetic fields and electric dipole moments by using measurements of individual magnetic sublevels
AI总结：
本研究提出利用单个磁子能级布居数测量提升磁场与原子电偶极矩测量灵敏度的方法，分析了不同初始化方案下的噪声极限、位移免疫特性及横向磁场的影响，给出了达到最优灵敏度的条件。
摘要：
我们探究了利用单个磁子能级布居数测量能力，提升磁场测量与原子电偶极矩（EDMs）测量灵敏度的方法。当原子被制备在$m=0$磁子能级时，这类测量的散粒噪声极限不确定度比拉莫尔进动测量小$1/\sqrt{2F(F+1)}$。我们证明，当合并偶（或奇）磁子能级的布居数时，这类测量不受张量斯塔克位移和二阶塞曼位移的影响。我们讨论了横向磁场带来的复杂效应，并指出当张量斯塔克位移与横向磁场的比值足够大时，以拉伸态叠加态初始化的原子EDM测量可达到最优灵敏度。
英文摘要：
We explore ways to use the ability to measure the populations of individual magnetic sublevels to improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurements and measurements of atomic electric dipole moments (EDMs). When atoms are initialized in the $m=0$ magnetic sublevel, the shot-noise-limited uncertainty of these measurements is $1/\sqrt{2F(F+1)}$ smaller than that of a Larmor precession measurement. When the populations in the even (or odd) magnetic sublevels are combined, we show that these measurements are independent of the tensor Stark shift and the second order Zeeman shift. We discuss the complicating effect of a transverse magnetic field and show that when the ratio of the tensor Stark shift to the transverse magnetic field is sufficiently large, an EDM measurement with atoms initialized in the superposition of the stretched states can reach the optimal sensitivity.
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