大型软件公司创新活动的系统映射研究
Innovation Initiatives in Large Software Companies: A Systematic Mapping Study
摘要：
为了保持竞争优势并适应市场和技术的变化，企业需要以有组织，有目的和系统的方式进行创新。然而，由于其规模和复杂性，大公司往往专注于维护其业务，这可能会降低其创新的敏捷性。本研究的目的是提供一个概述，目前的研究创新举措，并确定在大型软件公司的背景下实施的举措所面临的挑战。这项调查是利用对已发表的关于公司创新和创业精神的文献进行系统绘图的方法进行的。然后，对四位具有丰富行业经验的专家进行了采访。我们的研究结果表明，有一个缺乏高质量的实证研究的背景下，大型软件公司的创新主动性。在这种背景下，共进行了7项研究，报告了5种类型的举措：内部创业，盗版，内部创业，分拆和众包。我们的研究提供了三个贡献。首先，本文介绍了大公司内部创新举措的现有文献地图。第二个贡献是提供了一个创新倡议树。第三个贡献是确定大型软件公司中每个计划所面临的关键挑战。在战略和战术层面，大型软件公司和其他公司没有区别。在操作层面，大型软件公司受到互联网技术进步的高度影响。大型软件公司将开放式创新模式作为其创新计划的一部分。我们设想未来的工作是进一步实证评估大型软件公司的创新计划树，这涉及到更多的从业者来自不同的公司。
英文摘要：
To keep the competitive advantage and adapt to changes in the market and technology, companies need to innovate in an organised, purposeful and systematic manner. However, due to their size and complexity, large companies tend to focus on maintaining their business, which can potentially lower their agility to innovate. This study aims to provide an overview of the current research on innovation initiatives and to identify the challenges of implementing the initiatives in the context of large software companies. The investigation was performed using a systematic mapping approach of published literature on corporate innovation and entrepreneurship. Then it was complemented with interviews with four experts with rich industry experience. Our study results suggest that, there is a lack of high quality empirical studies on innovation initiative in the context of large software companies. A total of 7 studies are conducted in such context, which reported 5 types of initiatives: intrapreneurship, bootlegging, internal venture, spin-off and crowdsourcing. Our study offers three contributions. First, this paper represents the map of existing literature on innovation initiatives inside large companies. The second contribution is to provide an innovation initiative tree. The third contribution is to identify key challenges faced by each initiative in large software companies. At the strategic and tactical levels, there is no difference between large software companies and other companies. At the operational level, large software companies are highly influenced by the advancement of Internet technology. Large software companies use open innovation paradigm as part of their innovation initiatives. We envision a future work is to further empirically evaluate the innovation initiative tree in large software companies, which involves more practitioners from different companies.
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