带电强子质量的规范不变确定
Gauge invariant determination of charged hadron masses
摘要：
在本文中，我们表明，第一次，带电强子的质量可以计算的晶格上，而不依赖于规范固定在任何阶段的计算。在我们的模拟中，我们遵循最近的建议，并制定完整的QCD+QED有限体积，没有破坏局域性，在空间方向上施加C-周期性边界条件。带电状态被插入一类运营商，最初提出的狄拉克和建立作为泛函的光子场，是不变的地方规范变换。我们表明，带电强子质量的数值信号的质量是相同的中性部门和带电中性质量分裂可以计算出令人满意的精度在此设置。我们还讨论了如何在一个完全规范不变的方式来描述带电强子与真实光子的状态，通过提供第一个证据，所提出的策略可以在数值上是可行的。
英文摘要：
In this paper we show, for the first time, that charged-hadron masses can be calculated on the lattice without relying on gauge fixing at any stage of the calculations. In our simulations we follow a recent proposal and formulate full QCD+QED on a finite volume, without spoiling locality, by imposing C-periodic boundary conditions in the spatial directions. Electrically charged states are interpolated with a class of operators, originally suggested by Dirac and built as functionals of the photon field, that are invariant under local gauge transformations. We show that the quality of the numerical signal of charged-hadron masses is the same as in the neutral sector and that charged-neutral mass splittings can be calculated with satisfactory accuracy in this setup. We also discuss how to describe states of charged hadrons with real photons in a fully gauge-invariant way by providing a first evidence that the proposed strategy can be numerically viable.
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