AWAKE中性铷密度和梯度的高精度白光干涉测量
Interferometer-based high-accuracy white light measurement of neutral rubidium density and gradient at AWAKE
摘要：
“清醒”实验需要对1至10 $\cdot$ 10 $^{14}$ cm $^{-3}$之间的密度进行自动在线铷（Rb）等离子体密度和梯度诊断。沿等离子体源的百分比水平的线性密度梯度可用于改善电子加速过程。由于在半径为1 mm的范围内Rb蒸气完全激光电离为Rb $^{+}$，等离子体密度等于蒸气密度。我们测量Rb蒸汽密度在两端的源，高精度使用，白光干涉。在光源的两端，宽带激光通过一个由单模光纤制成的远程控制的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪。由此产生的干涉信号，在Rb的D1和D2跃迁附近的色散的影响，分散在波长的光谱仪。全自动傅立叶信号调理和拟合算法产生的密度与测量之间的不确定性在两端的0.11至0.46 $\%$在整个密度范围。用于操作等离子体源的这些密度在控制室中实时显示。
英文摘要：
The AWAKE experiment requires an automated online rubidium (Rb) plasma density and gradient diagnostic for densities between 1 and 10$\cdot$10$^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$. A linear density gradient along the plasma source at the percent level may be useful to improve the electron acceleration process. Because of full laser ionization of Rb vapor to Rb$^{+}$ within a radius of 1 mm, the plasma density equals the vapor density. We measure the Rb vapor densities at both ends of the source, with high precision using, white light interferometry. At either source end, broadband laser light passes a remotely controlled Mach-Zehnder interferometer built out of single mode fibers. The resulting interference signal, influenced by dispersion in the vicinity of the Rb D1 and D2 transitions, is dispersed in wavelength by a spectrograph. Fully automated Fourier-based signal conditioning and a fit algorithm yield the density with an uncertainty between the measurements at both ends of 0.11 to 0.46 $\%$ over the entire density range. These densities used to operate the plasma source are displayed live in the control room.
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