In this paper, we prove that separation occurs for the stationary Prandtl equation, in the case of adverse pressure gradient, for a large class of boundary data at $x=0$.We justify the Goldstein singularity: more precisely, we prove that under suitable assumptions on the boundary data at $x=0$, there exists $x^*>0$ such that $\p\_y u\_{y=0}(x)\sim C \sqrt{x^* -x}$ as $x\to x^*$ for some positive constant $C$, where $u$ is the solution of the stationary Prandtl equation in the domain $\{0<x<x^*,\ y>0\}$. Our proof relies on three main ingredients: the computation of a "stable" approximate solution, using modulation theory arguments, a new formulation of the Prandtl equation, for which we derive energy estimates, relying heavily on the structure of the equation, and maximum principle techniques to handle nonlinear terms.
In the case of favorable pressure gradient, Oleinik proved the global existence of classical solution for the 2-D steady Prandtl equation for a class of positive data. In the case of adverse pressure gradient, an important physical phenomena is the boundary layer separation. In this paper, we prove the boundary layer separation for a large class of Oleinik's data and confirm Goldstein's hypothesis concerning the local behavior of the solution near the separation, which gives a partial answer to open problem 5 proposed by Oleinik and Samokin in \cite{Olei}.
Ellipsoidal BGK model (ES-BGK) is a generalized version of the BGK model where the local Maxwellian in the relaxation operator of the BGK model is extended to an ellipsoidal Gaussian with a Prandtl parameter $ν$, so that the correct transport coefficients can be computed in the Navier-Stokes limit. In this work, we consider the existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions for the ES-BGK model in a slab imposed with the mixed boundary conditions. One of the key difficulties arise in the uniform control of the temperature tensor from below. In the non-critical case $(-1/2<ν<1)$, we utilize t…
In this paper, we study the back flow of the two-dimensional unsteady Prandtl boundary layer under an adverse pressure gradient. The occurrence of back flow is an important physical event in the evolution of boundary layer, which eventually leads to separation. For the two-dimensional unsteady Prandtl boundary layer equations, when the initial tangential velocity is strictly monotonic with respect to the normal variable, and the pressure gradient of the outer flow is adverse, we obtain that the first critical point of the tangential velocity profile with respect to the normal variable, if exis…
We consider the inviscid unsteady Prandtl system in two dimensions, motivated by the fact that it should model to leading order separation and singularity formation for the original viscous system. We give a sharp expression for the maximal time of existence of regular solutions, showing that singularities only happen at the boundary or on the set of zero vorticity, and that they correspond to boundary layer separation. We then exhibit new Lagrangian formulae for backward self-similar profiles, and study them also with a different approach that was initiated by Elliott-Smith-Cowley and Cassel-…
This is the first part of a two paper sequence in which we prove the global-in-x stability of the classical Prandtl boundary layer for the 2D, stationary Navier-Stokes equations. In this part, we provide a construction of an approximate Navier-Stokes solution, obtained by a classical Euler- Prandtl asymptotic expansion. We develop here sharp decay estimates on these quantities. Of independent interest, we establish \textit{without} using the classical von-Mise change of coordinates, proofs of global in x regularity of the Prandtl system. The results of this paper are used in the second part of…
In the lines of a recent paper by Gerard-Varet and Dormy, we establish various ill-posedness results for the Prandtl equation. By considering perturbations of stationary shear flows, we show that for some linearizations of the Prandtl equation and some $C^\infty$ initial data, local in time $C^\infty$ solutions do not exist. At the nonlinear level, we prove that if a flow exists in the Sobolev setting, it cannot be Lipschitz continuous. Besides ill-posedness in time, we also establish some ill-posedness in space, that casts some light on the results obtained by Oleinik for monotonic data.
In a recent result of Gerard-Varet and Dormy [5], they established ill-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the linearized Prandtl equation around non-monotic special solution which is independent of x and satisfies the heat equation. In [6] and [7], some nonlinear ill-posedness were established with this counterexample. Then it is natural to consider the problem that does this linear ill-posedness happen whenever the non-degenerate critical points appear. In this paper, we concern the linearized Prandtl equation around general stationary solutions with non-degenerate critical points depending …
This note concerns a nonlinear ill-posedness of the Prandtl equation and an invalidity of asymptotic boundary-layer expansions of incompressible fluid flows near a solid boundary. Our analysis is built upon recent remarkable linear ill-posedness results established by Gérard-Varet and Dormy [2], and an analysis in Guo and Tice [5]. We show that the asymptotic boundary-layer expansion is not valid for non-monotonic shear layer flows in Sobolev spaces. We also introduce a notion of weak well-posedness and prove that the nonlinear Prandtl equation is not well-posed in this sense near non-stationa…
Well-posedness of the two-dimensional unsteady Prandtl system in Sobolev space with degenerate critical points
College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology（山东科技大学数学与系统科学学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, MOE-LSC and SHL-MAC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学数学科学学院，教育部低维材料物理化学重点实验室和上海市应用数学实验室）
This paper concerns the validity of the Prandtl boundary layer theory in the inviscid limit for steady incompressible Navier-Stokes flows. The stationary flows, with small viscosity, are considered on $[0,L]\times \mathbb{R}_{+}$, assuming a no-slip boundary condition over a moving plate at $y=0$. We establish the validity of the Prandtl boundary layer expansion and its error estimates.
In this work, we establish the convergence of 2D, stationary Navier-Stokes flows, $(u^ε, v^ε)$ to the classical Prandtl boundary layer, $(\bar{u}_p, \bar{v}_p)$, posed on the domain $(0, \infty) \times (0, \infty)$: \begin{equation*} \| u^ε - \bar{u}_p \|_{L^\infty_y} \lesssim \sqrtε \langle x \rangle^{- \frac 1 4 + δ}, \qquad \| v^ε - \sqrtε \bar{v}_p \|_{L^\infty_y} \lesssim \sqrtε \langle x \rangle^{- \frac 1 2}. \end{equation*} This validates Prandtl's boundary layer theory \textit{globally} in the $x$-variable for a large class of boundary layers, including the entire one parameter family…
We compute the solutions of Prandtl's and Navier-Stokes equations for the two dimensional flow induced by a rectilinear vortex interacting with a boundary in the half plane. For this initial datum Prandtl's equation develops, in a finite time, a separation singularity. We investigate the different stages of unsteady separation for Navier-Stokes solution at different Reynolds numbers $Re=10^3-10^5$, and we show the presence of a large-scale interaction between the viscous boundary layer and the inviscid outer flow. We also see a subsequent stage, characterized by the presence of a small-scale i…
The present paper is about a famous extension of the Prandtl equation, the so-called Interactive Boundary Layer model (IBL). This model has been used intensively in the numerics of steady boundary layer flows, and compares favorably to the Prandtl one, especially past separation. We consider here the unsteady version of the IBL, and study its linear well-posedness, namely the linear stability of shear flow solutions to high frequencyperturbations. We show that the IBL model exhibits strong unrealistic instabilities, that are in particular distinct from the Tollmien-Schlichting waves. We also e…
In general, before separating from a boundary, the flow moves toward reverse direction near the boundary against the laminar flow direction. Here in this paper, a clue to such reverse flow phenomena (in the mathematical sense) is observed. More precisely, the non-stationary two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with an initial datum having a parallel laminar flow (we define it rigorously in the paper) is considered. We show that the direction of the material differentiation is opposite to the initial flow direction and effect of the material differentiation (inducing the reverse flow) becomes…
This article is concerned with the internal feedback stabilization of the phase field system of Cahn-Hilliard type, modeling the phase separation in a binary mixture. Under suitable assumptions on an arbitrarily fixed stationary solution, we construct via spectral separation arguments a feedback controller having the support in an arbitrary open subset of the space domain, such that the closed loop nonlinear system exponentially reach the prescribed stationary solution. This feedback controller has a finite dimensional structure in the state space of solutions. In particular, every constant st…
We provide a detailed mathematical analysis of a model for phase separation on biological membranes which was recently proposed by Garcke, Rätz, Röger and the second author. The model is an extended Cahn-Hilliard equation which contains additional terms to account for the active transport processes. We prove results on the existence and regularity of solutions, their long-time behaviour, and on the existence of stationary solutions. Moreover, we investigate two different asymptotic regimes. We study the case of large cytosolic diffusion and investigate the effect of an infinitely large affinit…
In this paper, we consider the boundary rigidity problem on a cylindrical domain in $\mathbb R^{1+n}$, $n\geq 2$, equipped with a stationary (time-invariant) Lorentzian metric. We show that the time separation function between pairs of points on the boundary of the cylindrical domain determines the stationary spacetime, up to some time-invariant diffeomorphism, assuming that the metric satisfies some a-priori conditions.
This work represents a first contribution on the problem of boundary stabilization for the phase field system of Cahn-Hilliard type, which models the phase separation in a binary mixture. The feedback controller we design here is with actuation only on the temperature flow of the system, on one part of the boundary only. Moreover, it is of proportional type, given in an explicit form, expressed only in terms of the eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator, being easy to manipulate from the computational point of view. Furthermore, it ensures that the closed loop nonlinear system exponentially re…
