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arXiv 1802.02745cs.CLcs.CVcs.LG
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用简单神经网络学习归纳偏差

Learning Inductive Biases with Simple Neural Networks

New York University(纽约大学)

Reuben Feinman, Brenden M. Lake

摘要:

人们利用丰富的先验知识来有效地学习新概念。这些先验-也称为“归纳偏差”-属于学习者考虑的内部模型空间,它们帮助学习者做出超越观察数据的推断。最近的一项研究发现,针对对象识别优化的深度神经网络产生了形状偏差(Ritter et al.,2017年),一个归纳偏见所拥有的儿童,在早期的文字学习中发挥着重要作用。然而,这些网络使用不切实际的大量训练数据,并且这些偏差发展所需的条件还没有得到很好的理解。此外,目前还不清楚这些网络的学习动态如何与儿童的发展过程有关。我们调查的发展和影响的形状偏差在神经网络使用控制数据集的抽象模式和合成图像,使我们能够系统地改变数量和形式的经验提供给学习算法。我们发现,简单的神经网络在看到4个对象类别的3个示例后会产生形状偏好。这些偏见的发展预测了我们网络中词汇加速的开始,与儿童的发展过程一致。

英文摘要:

People use rich prior knowledge about the world in order to efficiently learn new concepts. These priors - also known as "inductive biases" - pertain to the space of internal models considered by a learner, and they help the learner make inferences that go beyond the observed data. A recent study found that deep neural networks optimized for object recognition develop the shape bias (Ritter et al., 2017), an inductive bias possessed by children that plays an important role in early word learning. However, these networks use unrealistically large quantities of training data, and the conditions required for these biases to develop are not well understood. Moreover, it is unclear how the learning dynamics of these networks relate to developmental processes in childhood. We investigate the development and influence of the shape bias in neural networks using controlled datasets of abstract patterns and synthetic images, allowing us to systematically vary the quantity and form of the experience provided to the learning algorithms. We find that simple neural networks develop a shape bias after seeing as few as 3 examples of 4 object categories. The development of these biases predicts the onset of vocabulary acceleration in our networks, consistent with the developmental process in children.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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