使用大面积红外整流天线从辐射热源发电
Power generation from a radiative thermal source using a large-area infrared rectenna
摘要：
通过红外辐射的直接转换从中温热源发电对于从废热和微功率应用中收集能量是重要的并且是非常期望的。在这里，我们展示了直接整流发电从一个无偏的大面积纳米天线耦合隧道二极管整流器，称为整流天线。使用真空辐射测量技术，利用来自温度稳定的热源的辐射，在450 ℃的源温度下观察到跨优化的负载电阻的无偏整流天线的8 nW/cm $^2$的生成功率密度。对于每个温度的峰值功率产生的优化负载电阻与零偏置下的隧道二极管电阻一致，并且对应于整流天线的阻抗匹配条件。热照明的大面积整流天线的电流电压测量显示电流过零移位到第二象限，指示整流。在无偏整流天线中的光子辅助隧穿被建模为所观察到的大短路光电流的机制，其中光子能量作为跨隧道结的有效偏压。作为热源温度的函数的负载电阻器两端的测量电流和电压表示直流电功率生成。
英文摘要：
Electrical power generation from a moderate temperature thermal source by means of direct conversion of infrared radiation is important and highly desirable for energy harvesting from waste heat and micropower applications. Here, we demonstrate direct rectified power generation from an unbiased large-area nanoantenna-coupled tunnel diode rectifier, called a rectenna. Using a vacuum radiometric measurement technique with irradiation from a temperature-stabilized thermal source, a generated power density of 8 nW/cm$^2$ is observed at a source temperature of 450C for the unbiased rectenna across an optimized load resistance. The optimized load resistance for the peak power generation for each temperature coincides with the tunnel diode resistance at zero bias and corresponds to the impedance matching condition for a rectifying antenna. Current voltage measurements of a thermally illuminated large-area rectenna show current zero crossing shifts into the second quadrant indicating rectification. Photon-assisted tunneling in the unbiased rectenna is modeled as the mechanism for the large short-circuit photocurrents observed where the photon energy serves as an effective bias across the tunnel junction. The measured current and voltage across the load resistor as a function of the thermal source temperature represents direct current electrical power generation.
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