Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) define the current state-of-the-art for image recognition. With their emerging popularity, especially for critical applications like medical image analysis or self-driving cars, confirmability is becoming an issue. The black-box nature of trained predictors make it difficult to trace failure cases or to understand the internal reasoning processes leading to results. In this paper we introduce a novel efficient method to visualise evidence that lead to decisions in CNNs. In contrast to network fixation or saliency map methods, our method is able to illustrate the evidence for or against a classifier's decision in input pixel space approximately 10 times faster than previous methods. We also show that our approach is less prone to noise and can focus on the most relevant input regions, thus making it more accurate and interpretable. Moreover, by making simplifications we link our method with other visualisation methods, providing a general explanation for gradient-based visualisation techniques. We believe that our work makes network introspection more feasible for debugging and understanding deep convolutional networks. This will increase trust between humans and deep learning models.
Deep networks are currently the state-of-the-art for sensory perception in autonomous driving and robotics. However, deep models often generate overconfident predictions precluding proper probabilistic interpretation which we argue is due to the nature of the SoftMax layer. To reduce the overconfidence without compromising the classification performance, we introduce a CNN probabilistic approach based on distributions calculated in the network's Logit layer. The approach enables Bayesian inference by means of ML and MAP layers. Experiments with calibrated and the proposed prediction layers are…
Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College（贾尔派古里政府工程学院）；Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City（斯里城印度信息技术学院）；Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）
Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is widely used for the analysis of remotely sensed images. Hyperspectral imagery includes varying bands of images. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the most frequently used deep learning based methods for visual data processing. The use of CNN for HSI classification is also visible in recent works. These approaches are mostly based on 2D CNN. Whereas, the HSI classification performance is highly dependent on both spatial and spectral information. Very few methods have utilized the 3D CNN because of increased computational complexity. This le…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology（韩国高等科学技术院）；Korea University College of Medicine（高丽大学医学院）
In this paper, we proposed Transferable Ranking Convolutional Neural Network (TRk-CNN) that can be effectively applied when the classes of images to be classified show a high correlation with each other. The multi-class classification method based on the softmax function, which is generally used, is not effective in this case because the inter-class relationship is ignored. Although there is a Ranking-CNN that takes into account the ordinal classes, it cannot reflect the inter-class relationship to the final prediction. TRk-CNN, on the other hand, combines the weights of the primitive classifi…
Although CNNs have gained the ability to transfer learned knowledge from source task to target task by virtue of large annotated datasets but consume huge processing time to fine-tune without GPU. In this paper, we propose a new computationally efficient transfer learning approach using classification layer features of pre-trained CNNs by appending layer after existing classification layer. We demonstrate that fine-tuning of the appended layer with existing classification layer for new task converges much faster than baseline and in average outperforms baseline classification accuracy. Further…
Fujitsu Research & Development Center（富士通研究开发中心）；Fujitsu Laboratories（富士通研究所）
Nowadays the CNN is widely used in practical applications for image classification task. However the design of the CNN model is very professional work and which is very difficult for ordinary users. Besides, even for experts of CNN, to select an optimal model for specific task may still need a lot of time (to train many different models). In order to solve this problem, we proposed an automated CNN recommendation system for image classification task. Our system is able to evaluate the complexity of the classification task and the classification ability of the CNN model precisely. By using the …
In this project, we adapt high-performing CNN architectures to differentiate between scenes with and without abandoned luggage. Using frames from two video datasets, we compare the results of training different architectures on each dataset as well as on combining the datasets. We additionally use network visualization techniques to gain insight into what the neural network sees, and the basis of the classification decision. We intend that our results benefit further work in applying CNNs in surveillance and security-related tasks.
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校）
Recently, CNN is a popular choice to handle the hyperspectral image classification challenges. In spite of having such large spectral information in Hyper-Spectral Image(s) (HSI), it creates a curse of dimensionality. Also, large spatial variability of spectral signature adds more difficulty in classification problem. Additionally, training a CNN in the end to end fashion with scarced training examples is another challenging and interesting problem. In this paper, a novel target-patch-orientation method is proposed to train a CNN based network. Also, we have introduced a hybrid of 3D-CNN and 2…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；University of Dundee（邓迪大学）
Automatic classification of Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEp-2) cells staining patterns is an important and yet a challenging problem. Although both shallow and deep methods have been applied, the study of deep convolutional networks (CNNs) on this topic is shallow to date, thus failed to claim its top position for this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel study of using CNNs for HEp-2 cells classification focusing on cross-specimen analysis, a key evaluation for generalization. For the first time, our study reveals several key factors of using CNNs for HEp-2 cells classification. Our propos…
Northwestern University（西北大学）；Raytheon BBN Technologies（雷神BBN技术公司）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
We conduct an in-depth exploration of different strategies for doing event detection in videos using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained for image classification. We study different ways of performing spatial and temporal pooling, feature normalization, choice of CNN layers as well as choice of classifiers. Making judicious choices along these dimensions led to a very significant increase in performance over more naive approaches that have been used till now. We evaluate our approach on the challenging TRECVID MED'14 dataset with two popular CNN architectures pretrained on ImageNet. O…
Istanbul Technical University（伊斯坦布尔理工大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Age and gender are complementary soft biometric traits for face recognition. Successful estimation of age and gender from facial images taken under real-world conditions can contribute improving the identification results in the wild. In this study, in order to achieve robust age and gender classification in the wild, we have benefited from Deep Convolutional Neural Networks based representation. We have explored transferability of existing deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for age and gender classification. The generic AlexNet-like architecture and domain specific VGG-Face CNN mo…
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.（博思艾伦汉密尔顿公司）；U.S. Army Research Laboratory（美国陆军研究实验室）
In this paper, we address the dataset scarcity issue with the hyperspectral image classification. As only a few thousands of pixels are available for training, it is difficult to effectively learn high-capacity Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To cope with this problem, we propose a novel cross-domain CNN containing the shared parameters which can co-learn across multiple hyperspectral datasets. The network also contains the non-shared portions designed to handle the dataset specific spectral characteristics and the associated classification tasks. Our approach is the first attempt to lea…
CSAIL, MIT（麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA（加州大学洛杉矶分校放射科学系）；Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center（贝丝以色列女执事医疗中心）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Microsoft Research New England（微软新英格兰研究院）
This work interprets the internal representations of deep neural networks trained for classification of diseased tissue in 2D mammograms. We propose an expert-in-the-loop interpretation method to label the behavior of internal units in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Expert radiologists identify that the visual patterns detected by the units are correlated with meaningful medical phenomena such as mass tissue and calcificated vessels. We demonstrate that several trained CNN models are able to produce explanatory descriptions to support the final classification decisions. We view this as …
Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi（曼迪印度理工学院）；Aindra Systems Pvt. Ltd.（Aindra系统私人有限公司）
It has been shown that for automated PAP-smear image classification, nucleus features can be very informative. Therefore, the primary step for automated screening can be cell-nuclei detection followed by segmentation of nuclei in the resulting single cell PAP-smear images. We propose a patch based approach using CNN for segmentation of nuclei in single cell images. We then pose the question of ion of segmentation for classification using representation learning with CNN, and whether low-level CNN features may be useful for classification. We suggest a CNN-based feature level analysis and a tra…
Despite the effectiveness of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) especially in image classification tasks, the effect of convolution features on learned representations is still limited. It mostly focuses on the salient object of the images, but ignores the variation information on clutter and local. In this paper, we propose a special framework, which is the multiple VLAD encoding method with the CNNs features for image classification. Furthermore, in order to improve the performance of the VLAD coding method, we explore the multiplicity of VLAD encoding with the extension of three kinds of …
The video and action classification have extremely evolved by deep neural networks specially with two stream CNN using RGB and optical flow as inputs and they present outstanding performance in terms of video analysis. One of the shortcoming of these methods is handling motion information extraction which is done out side of the CNNs and relatively time consuming also on GPUs. So proposing end-to-end methods which are exploring to learn motion representation, like 3D-CNN can achieve faster and accurate performance. We present some novel deep CNNs using 3D architecture to model actions and moti…
CNR-ISASI（意大利国家研究委员会应用科学与智能系统研究所）；University of Salento（萨兰托大学）
This article presents a Deep CNN, based on the DenseNet architecture jointly with a highly discriminating learning methodology, in order to classify seven kinds of skin lesions: Melanoma, Melanocytic nevus, Basal cell carcinoma, Actinic keratosis / Bowen's disease, Benign keratosis, Dermatofibroma, Vascular lesion. In particular a 61 layers DenseNet, pre-trained on IMAGENET dataset, has been fine-tuned on ISIC 2018 Task 3 Challenge Dataset exploiting a Center Loss function.
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
The feature learning methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) have successfully produced tremendous achievements in image classification tasks. However, the inherent noise and some other factors may weaken the effectiveness of the convolutional feature statistics. In this paper, we investigate Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the frequency domain and design a new Wavelet-Attention (WA) block to only implement attention in the high-frequency domain. Based on this, we propose a Wavelet-Attention convolutional neural network (WA-CNN) for image classification. Specifically, WA-CNN de…
Large Scale image classification is a challenging problem within the field of computer vision. As the real world contains billions of different objects, understanding the performance of popular techniques and models is vital in order to apply them to real world tasks. In this paper, we evaluate techniques and popular CNN based deep learning architectures to perform large scale species classification on the dataset from iNaturalist 2019 Challenge. Methods utilizing dataset pruning and transfer learning are shown to outperform models trained without either of the two techniques. The ResNext base…
Hiroshima University（广岛大学）；Hiroshima General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company（西日本旅客铁道株式会社广岛综合医院）；Hiroshima University Hospital（广岛大学医院）
In this paper we report results for recognizing colorectal NBI endoscopic images by using features extracted from convolutional neural network (CNN). In this comparative study, we extract features from different layers from different CNN models, and then train linear SVM classifiers. Experimental results with 10-fold cross validations show that features from first few convolution layers are enough to achieve similar performance (i.e., recognition rate of 95%) with non-CNN local features such as Bag-of-Visual words, Fisher vector, and VLAD.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) require large image corpora to be trained on classification tasks. The variation in image resolutions, sizes of objects and patterns depicted, and image scales, hampers CNN training and performance, because the task-relevant information varies over spatial scales. Previous work attempting to deal with such scale variations focused on encouraging scale-invariant CNN representations. However, scale-invariant representations are incomplete representations of images, because images contain scale-variant information as well. This paper addresses the combined dev…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are powerful models that achieve impressive results for image classification. In addition, pre-trained CNNs are also useful for other computer vision tasks as generic feature extractors. This paper aims to gain insight into the feature aspect of CNN and demonstrate other uses of CNN features. Our results show that CNN feature maps can be used with Random Forests and SVM to yield classification results that outperforms the original CNN. A CNN that is less than optimal (e.g. not fully trained or overfitting) can also extract features for Random Forest/SVM tha…
Various imaging artifacts, low signal-to-noise ratio, and bone surfaces appearing several millimeters in thickness have hindered the success of ultrasound (US) guided computer assisted orthopedic surgery procedures. In this work, a multi-feature guided convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is proposed for simultaneous enhancement, segmentation, and classification of bone surfaces from US data. The proposed CNN consists of two main parts: a pre-enhancing net, that takes the concatenation of B-mode US scan and three filtered image features for the enhancement of bone surfaces, and a mo…
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem（耶路撒冷希伯来大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Alibaba AI Labs（阿里巴巴人工智能实验室）
We propose a novel approach to enhance the discriminability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The key idea is to build a tree structure that could progressively learn fine-grained features to distinguish a subset of classes, by learning features only among these classes. Such features are expected to be more discriminative, compared to features learned for all the classes. We develop a new algorithm to effectively learn the tree structure from a large number of classes. Experiments on large-scale image classification tasks demonstrate that our method could boost the performance of a give…
In image classification, Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) models have achieved high performance with the rapid development in deep learning. However, some categories in the image datasets are more difficult to distinguished than others. Improving the classification accuracy on these confused categories is benefit to the overall performance. In this paper, we build a Confusion Visual Tree(CVT) based on the confused semantic level information to identify the confused categories. With the information provided by the CVT, we can lead the CNN training procedure to pay more attention on these confu…
University of Warwick（华威大学）；The Alan Turing Institute（艾伦·图灵研究所）；University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire（考文垂与沃里克郡大学医院）
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been recently used for a variety of histology image analysis. However, availability of a large dataset is a major prerequisite for training a CNN which limits its use by the computational pathology community. In previous studies, CNNs have demonstrated their potential in terms of feature generalizability and transferability accompanied with better performance. Considering these traits of CNN, we propose a simple yet effective method which leverages the strengths of CNN combined with the advantages of including contextual information, particularly desig…
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；Microsoft Technology and Research（微软技术研究院）
Recent work on scene classification still makes use of generic CNN features in a rudimentary manner. In this ICCV 2015 paper, we present a novel pipeline built upon deep CNN features to harvest discriminative visual objects and parts for scene classification. We first use a region proposal technique to generate a set of high-quality patches potentially containing objects, and apply a pre-trained CNN to extract generic deep features from these patches. Then we perform both unsupervised and weakly supervised learning to screen these patches and discover discriminative ones representing category-…
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；University of Texas at Austin（得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown superior capability in visual learning tasks. While accuracy-wise CNNs provide unprecedented performance, they are also known to be computationally intensive and energy demanding for modern computer systems. In this paper, we propose Virtual Pooling (ViP), a model-level approach to improve speed and energy consumption of CNN-based image classification and object detection tasks, with a provable error bound. We show the efficacy of ViP through experiments on four CNN models, three representative datasets, both desktop and mobile p…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) image classifiers are traditionally designed to have sequential convolutional layers with a single output layer. This is based on the assumption that all target classes should be treated equally and exclusively. However, some classes can be more difficult to distinguish than others, and classes may be organized in a hierarchy of categories. At the same time, a CNN is designed to learn internal representations that abstract from the input data based on its hierarchical layered structure. So it is natural to ask if an inverse of this idea can be applied to lear…
Screening mammography is an important front-line tool for the early detection of breast cancer, and some 39 million exams are conducted each year in the United States alone. Here, we describe a multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with a curriculum learning strategy that achieves high levels of accuracy in classifying mammograms. Specifically, we first train CNN-based patch classifiers on segmentation masks of lesions in mammograms, and then use the learned features to initialize a scanning-based model that renders a decision on the whole image, trained end-to-end on outcome …
Lexington High School（列克星敦高中）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Ecole Centrale Paris（巴黎中央理工学院）；Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室）；Stony Brook University Hospital（石溪大学医院）
Classifying the various shapes and attributes of a glioma cell nucleus is crucial for diagnosis and understanding the disease. We investigate automated classification of glioma nuclear shapes and visual attributes using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on pathology images of automatically segmented nuclei. We propose three methods that improve the performance of a previously-developed semi-supervised CNN. First, we propose a method that allows the CNN to focus on the most important part of an image- the image's center containing the nucleus. Second, we inject (concatenate) pre-extracted VG…
We introduce a method to classify imagery using a convo- lutional neural network (CNN) on multi-view image pro- jections. The power of our method comes from using pro- jections of multiple images at multiple depth planes near the reconstructed surface. This enables classification of categories whose salient aspect is appearance change un- der different viewpoints, such as water, trees, and other materials with complex reflection/light response proper- ties. Our method does not require boundary labelling in images and works on pixel-level classification with a small (few pixels) context, which …
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Vector Institute（向量研究所）；Triage（特里奇）
We present a skin condition classification methodology based on a sequential pipeline of a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Question Answering (QA) model. This method enables us to not only increase the classification confidence and accuracy of the deployed CNN system, but also enables the emulation of the conventional approach of doctors asking the relevant questions in refining the ultimate diagnosis and differential. By combining the CNN output in the form of classification probabilities as a prior to the QA model and the image textual description, we greedily ask the be…
In machine learning, it is very important for a robot to know the state of an object and recognize particular desired states. This is an image classification problem that can be solved using a convolutional neural network. In this paper, we will discuss the use of a VGG convolutional neural network to recognize those states of cooking objects. We will discuss the uses of activation functions, optimizers, data augmentation, layer additions, and other different versions of architectures. The results of this paper will be used to identify alternatives to the VGG convolutional neural network to im…
Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；Tencent Holdings Limited（腾讯控股有限公司）；Nvidia Corporation（英伟达公司）；National Institutes of Health（美国国立卫生研究院）
Fine-grained classification of cervical cells into different abnormality levels is of great clinical importance but remains very challenging. Contrary to traditional classification methods that rely on hand-crafted or engineered features, convolution neural network (CNN) can classify cervical cells based on automatically learned deep features. However, CNN in previous studies do not involve cell morphological information, and it is unknown whether morphological features can be directly modeled by CNN to classify cervical cells. This paper presents a CNN-based method that combines cell image ap…
Rice is a staple food in the world's diet, and yet huge percentages of crop yields are lost each year to disease. To combat this problem, people have been searching for ways to automate disease diagnosis. Here, we extend on previous modelling work by analysing how disease-classification accuracy is sensitive to both model architecture and common computer vision techniques. In doing so, we maximise accuracy whilst working in the constraints of smaller model sizes, minimum GPUs and shorter training times. Whilst previous state-of-the-art models had 93% accuracy only predicting 5 diseases, we imp…
School of Electronic Information Wuhan University（武汉大学电子信息学院）；School of Engineering University of British Columbia Kelowna（英属哥伦比亚大学凯洛纳工程学院）
Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is an effective electromagnetic non-destructive inspection (NDI) technique for metal materials, which has already been widely adopted in detecting cracking and corrosion in some multi-layer structures. Automatically inspecting the defects in these structures would be conducive to further analysis and treatment of them. In this paper, we propose an effective end-to-end model using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to learn effective features from PEC data. Specifically, we construct a multi-task generic model, based on 1D CNN, to predict both the class and depth of f…
Classifying and counting vehicles in road traffic has numerous applications in the transportation engineering domain. However, the wide variety of vehicles (two-wheelers, three-wheelers, cars, buses, trucks etc.) plying on roads of developing regions without any lane discipline, makes vehicle classification and counting a hard problem to automate. In this paper, we use state of the art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based object detection models and train them for multiple vehicle classes using data from Delhi roads. We get upto 75% MAP on an 80-20 train-test split using 5562 video frames …
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Leshan Normal University（乐山师范学院）
In this work, a discriminatively learned CNN embedding is proposed for remote sensing image scene classification. Our proposed siamese network simultaneously computes the classification loss function and the metric learning loss function of the two input images. Specifically, for the classification loss, we use the standard cross-entropy loss function to predict the classes of the images. For the metric learning loss, our siamese network learns to map the intra-class and inter-class input pairs to a feature space where intra-class inputs are close and inter-class inputs are separated by a marg…
Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica（中央研究院资讯科学研究所）
Automatic age and gender classification based on unconstrained images has become essential techniques on mobile devices. With limited computing power, how to develop a robust system becomes a challenging task. In this paper, we present an efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) called lightweight multi-task CNN for simultaneous age and gender classification. Lightweight multi-task CNN uses depthwise separable convolution to reduce the model size and save the inference time. On the public challenging Adience dataset, the accuracy of age and gender classification is better than baseline mul…
University of Missouri（密苏里大学）；Sony Electronics Inc（索尼电子公司）
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have exhibited superior performance in many visual recognition tasks including image classification, object detection, and scene label- ing, due to their large learning capacity and resistance to overfit. For the image classification task, most of the current deep CNN- based approaches take the whole size-normalized image as input and have achieved quite promising results. Compared with the previously dominating approaches based on feature extraction, pooling, and classification, the deep CNN-based approaches mainly rely on the learning capability of de…
In recent years, supervised learning using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has achieved great success in image classification tasks, and large scale labeled datasets have contributed significantly to this achievement. However, the definition of a label is often application dependent. For example, an image of a cat can be labeled as "cat" or perhaps more specifically "Persian cat." We refer to this as label granularity. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments using various datasets to demonstrate and analyze how and why training based on fine-grain labeling, such as "Persian cat" c…
Sichuan University（四川大学）；University of California, Irvine（加州大学欧文分校）
We explore multi-scale convolutional neural nets (CNNs) for image classification. Contemporary approaches extract features from a single output layer. By extracting features from multiple layers, one can simultaneously reason about high, mid, and low-level features during classification. The resulting multi-scale architecture can itself be seen as a feed-forward model that is structured as a directed acyclic graph (DAG-CNNs). We use DAG-CNNs to learn a set of multiscale features that can be effectively shared between coarse and fine-grained classification tasks. While fine-tuning such models h…
University of Padua（帕多瓦大学）；University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）
The aim of this work is to propose an ensemble of descriptors for Melanoma Classification, whose performance has been evaluated on validation and test datasets of the melanoma challenge 2018. The system proposed here achieves a strong discriminative power thanks to the combination of multiple descriptors. The proposed system represents a very simple yet effective way of boosting the performance of trained CNNs by composing multiple CNNs into an ensemble and combining scores by sum rule. Several types of ensembles are considered, with different CNN architectures along with different learning pa…
School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST（韩国科学技术院电气工程学院）
In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the filter grouping in convolution layers is known to be useful to reduce the network parameter size. In this paper, we propose a new logarithmic filter grouping which can capture the nonlinearity of filter distribution in CNNs. The proposed logarithmic filter grouping is installed in shallow CNNs applicable in a mobile application. Experiments were performed with the shallow CNNs for classification tasks. Our classification results on Multi-PIE dataset for facial expression recognition and CIFAR-10 dataset for object classification reveal that the comp…
Many image transformations can be modeled by image operators that are characterized by pixel-wise local functions defined on a finite support window. In image operator learning, these functions are estimated from training data using machine learning techniques. Input size is usually a critical issue when using learning algorithms, and it limits the size of practicable windows. We propose the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to overcome this limitation. The problem of removing staff-lines in music score images is chosen to evaluate the effects of window and convolutional mask sizes o…
Central South University（中南大学）；Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院）
Remote sensing image scene classification is a fundamental but challenging task in understanding remote sensing images. Recently, deep learning-based methods, especially convolutional neural network-based (CNN-based) methods have shown enormous potential to understand remote sensing images. CNN-based methods meet with success by utilizing features learned from data rather than features designed manually. The feature-learning procedure of CNN largely depends on the architecture of CNN. However, most of the architectures of CNN used for remote sensing scene classification are still designed by h…
Image classification is a challenging problem which aims to identify the category of object in the image. In recent years, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been applied to handle this task, and impressive improvement has been achieved. However, some research showed the output of CNNs can be easily altered by adding relatively small perturbations to the input image, such as modifying few pixels. Recently, Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are proposed, which can help eliminating this limitation. Experiments on MNIST dataset revealed that capsules can better characterize the features of …
The use of deep neural networks in electromyogram (EMG) based prostheses control provides a promising alternative to the hand-crafted features by automatically learning muscle activation patterns from the EMG signals. Meanwhile, the use of raw EMG signals as input to convolution neural networks (CNN) offers a simple, fast, and ideal scheme for effective control of prostheses. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between window length and overlap, which may influence the generation of robust raw EMG 2-dimensional (2D) signals for application in CNN. And a rule of thumb for a prop…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
Facial Attribute Classification (FAC) has attracted increasing attention in computer vision and pattern recognition. However, state-of-the-art FAC methods perform face detection/alignment and FAC independently. The inherent dependencies between these tasks are not fully exploited. In addition, most methods predict all facial attributes using the same CNN network architecture, which ignores the different learning complexities of facial attributes. To address the above problems, we propose a novel deep multi-task multi-label CNN, termed DMM-CNN, for effective FAC. Specifically, DMM-CNN jointly o…
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown good performance in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification due to the automation of feature engineering. Excellent hand-crafted architectures of CNNs incorporated the wisdom of human experts, which is an important reason for CNN's success. However, the design of the architectures is a difficult problem, which needs a lot of professional knowledge as well as computational resources. Moreover, the architecture designed by hand might be suboptimal, because it is only one of thousands of unobserved but objective existed p…
Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；University of South Carolina（南卡罗来纳大学）
Just like many other topics in computer vision, image classification has achieved significant progress recently by using deep-learning neural networks, especially the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Most of the existing works are focused on classifying very clear natural images, evidenced by the widely used image databases such as Caltech-256, PASCAL VOCs and ImageNet. However, in many real applications, the acquired images may contain certain degradations that lead to various kinds of blurring, noise, and distortions. One important and interesting problem is the effect of such degradatio…
Object viewpoint estimation from 2D images is an essential task in computer vision. However, two issues hinder its progress: scarcity of training data with viewpoint annotations, and a lack of powerful features. Inspired by the growing availability of 3D models, we propose a framework to address both issues by combining render-based image synthesis and CNNs. We believe that 3D models have the potential in generating a large number of images of high variation, which can be well exploited by deep CNN with a high learning capacity. Towards this goal, we propose a scalable and overfit-resistant im…
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)（德国癌症研究中心）；University Hospital Erlangen（埃尔兰根大学医院）；Radiological Practice at the ATOS Clinic（ATOS诊所放射科诊所）；Radiology Center Mannheim (RZM)（曼海姆放射中心）
End-to-end deep learning improves breast cancer classification on diffusion-weighted MR images (DWI) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. A limitation of CNN as opposed to previous model-based approaches is the dependence on specific DWI input channels used during training. However, in the context of large-scale application, methods agnostic towards heterogeneous inputs are desirable, due to the high deviation of scanning protocols between clinical sites. We propose model-based domain adaptation to overcome input dependencies and avoid re-training of networks at clinical si…
