环形等离子体中测地声模的动力学理论
Kinetic theory of geodesic acoustic modes in toroidal plasmas: a brief review
摘要：
测地声学模（GAM）是环形等离子体特有的振荡带状结构，由于其调节微观双折射和相关反常输运的潜在能力，在过去几十年中得到了广泛的研究。本文综述了GAM的线性和非线性理论，重点介绍了动力学处理、系统非均匀性和真实的磁几何结构，以反映实际的实验条件。具体地说，在线性物理中，讨论了共振波粒相互作用，并将其应用于高能粒子的共振激发。本文将电致动广义相对论（EGAM）理论应用于实际器件，对实验观测进行了解释，并讨论了由于耦合到GAM连续体而引起的全局效应。同时，在非线性物理中，对微尺度非均匀性引起的GAM自发激发进行了综述，包括各种系统非均匀性的影响。在此基础上，构建了一个统一的GAM/EGAM理论框架。基于第一性原理的GAM/EGAM理论在这里回顾，因此，提供所需的工具的理解和解释的实验/数值结果。
英文摘要：
Geodesic acoustic modes (GAM) are oscillating zonal structures unique to toroidal plasmas, and have been extensively studied in the past decades due to their potential capabilities of regulating microscopic turbulences and associated anomalous transport. This article reviews linear and nonlinear theories of GAM; with emphases on kinetic treatment, system nonuniformity and realistic magnetic geometry, in order to reflect the realistic experimental conditions. Specifically, in the linear physics, the resonant wave-particle interactions are discussed, with the application to resonant excitation by energetic particles (EPs). The theory of EP-induced GAM (EGAM) is applied to realistic devices for the interpretation of experimental observations, and global effects due to coupling to GAM continuum are also discussed. Meanwhile, in the nonlinear physics, the spontaneous GAM excitation by microscale turbulences is reviewed, including the effects of various system nonuniformities. A unified theoretical framework of GAM/EGAM is then constructed based on our present understandings. The first-principle-based GAM/EGAM theories reviewed here, thus, provide the tools needed for the understanding and interpretation of experimental/numerical results.
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