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arXiv 1801.01334cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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太阳能光电化学分解水的光腐蚀极限最大效率

Photocorrosion-limited maximum efficiency of solar photoelectrochemical water splitting

Ling-Ju Guo, Jun-Wei Luo, Tao He, Su-Huai Wei, Shu-Shen Li

摘要:

光电化学(PEC)水分解制氢是将太阳能转化为清洁燃料的最受研究的方法之一,因为其简单和潜在的低成本。尽管经过40多年的深入研究,PEC水分解仍处于早期阶段,其稳定的效率远低于10%,这是商业应用的基准。在这里,我们发现,所需的光腐蚀稳定性设置了2.48 eV的限制(相对于正常的氢电极(NHE))的最高可能的电位的价带(VB)边缘的耐光腐蚀的半导体光催化剂。通过推导半导体价带边能级位置与自由能的关系,进一步证明了这种限制有着深刻的物理根源。对于长期稳定的单带隙PEC水裂解电池,2.48 V的稳定性限制的VB电势与1.23 V(相对于NHE)的析氧反应(OER)电势之间的差异将最大STH转化效率降低至约8%。基于这种理解,我们认为,最有前途的策略,以克服这8%的效率限制是解耦的要求,有效的光捕获和化学稳定性的保护活性半导体光催化剂表面的抗光腐蚀的氧化物涂层。

英文摘要:

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to generate hydrogen is one of the most studied methods for converting solar energy into clean fuel because of its simplicity and potentially low cost. Despite over 40 years of intensive research, PEC water splitting remains in its early stages with stable efficiencies far less than 10%, a benchmark for commercial applications. Here, we revealed that the desired photocorrosion stability sets a limit of 2.48 eV (relative to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE)) for the highest possible potential of the valence band (VB) edge of a photocorrosion-resistant semiconducting photocatalyst. We further demonstrated that such limitation has a deep root in underlying physics after deducing the relation between energy position of the valence band edge and free-energy for a semiconductor. The disparity between the stability-limited VB potential at 2.48 V and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) potential at 1.23 V vs NHE reduces the maximum STH conversion efficiency to approximately 8% for long-term stable single-bandgap PEC water splitting cells. Based on this understanding, we suggest that the most promising strategy to overcome this 8% efficiency limit is to decouple the requirements of efficient light harvesting and chemical stability by protecting the active semiconductor photocatalyst surface with a photocorrosion-resistant oxide coating layer.

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