电动力学中势对场的升性
Ascendancy of potentials over fields in electrodynamics
摘要：
多个基地的结论，电位是电动力学的基本，与电场和磁场作为辅助量的标量和矢量的潜力-相反，传统的排序。基本势和辅助场概念的一个基础是两组规范相关场的例子，其中一组是物理的，另一组是错误的，由势提供了正确选择的信息。一个主要的结果是，规范的变化不是量子力学中的么正变换;这是一个迄今为止没有受到挑战的原理。势在场之上的首要地位导致了物理量层次的概念，其中势和能量是首要的，而场和力是次要的。次要量提供的信息比主要量少。一些判断强激光场的标准是基于次要的量，这使得有可能得出不适当的结论。这是由几个场相关的误解，如带电粒子在非常低频的传播场的行为，以及在非常高的强度对生产的基本问题。在每一种情况下，基于势的方法给出了适当的结果，没有歧义。这些例子包括经典和量子现象，在相对论和非相对论的条件。这是唯量子阿哈罗诺夫-玻姆效应的一个主要扩展，既支持了势场的首要性，也表明了基于场的概念如何在基本应用中导致错误。
英文摘要：
Multiple bases are presented for the conclusion that potentials are fundamental in electrodynamics, with electric and magnetic fields as quantities auxiliary to the scalar and vector potentials -- opposite to the conventional ordering. One foundation for the concept of basic potentials and auxiliary fields consists of examples where two sets of gauge-related fields are such that one is physical and the other is erroneous, with the information for the proper choice supplied by the potentials. A major consequence is that a change of gauge is not a unitary transformation in quantum mechanics; a principle heretofore unchallenged. The primacy of potentials over fields leads to the concept of a hierarchy of physical quantities, where potentials and energies are primary, while fields and forces are secondary. Secondary quantities provide less information than do primary quantities. Some criteria by which strong laser fields are judged are based on secondary quantities, making it possible to arrive at inappropriate conclusions. This is exemplified by several field-related misconceptions as diverse as the behavior of charged particles in very low frequency propagating fields, and the fundamental problem of pair production at very high intensities. In each case, an approach based on potentials gives appropriate results, free of ambiguities. The examples encompass classical and quantum phenomena, in relativistic and nonrelativistic conditions. This is a major extension of the quantum-only Aharonov-Bohm effect, both in supporting the primacy of potentials over fields, and also in showing how field-based conceptions can lead to errors in basic applications.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
