低能观测者的弱引力猜想
Weak Gravity Conjecture From Low Energy Observers' Perspective
摘要：
弱引力猜想（WGC）是用来约束具有阿贝尔规范对称性的有效场论（EFT）的。在这篇文章中，我从低能观察者的角度研究了WGC，并重新讨论了WGC实际上在多大程度上限制了EFT的问题。为了这个目的，对于一个给定的EFT，我介绍了相关的理想化的低能量观察员谁只能访问的能量尺度低于紫外线截止尺度的EFT。在EFT的框架中，轻于UV截止尺度的颗粒和重于UV截止尺度的颗粒之间存在明显的差异，因为轻颗粒可以在UV截止尺度以下产生，而重颗粒则不能。这种差异意味着低能观测者对稳定重粒子的了解可能是有限的，因为稳定重粒子的可用性是由低能观测者未知的某些UV理论所准备的环境决定的。低能观测者对质量在EFT紫外截止尺度以上的稳定重粒子的认识有限，导致了WGC对约束EFT的限制。为了在一个例子中说明这些观点，我分析了Saraswat arXiv：1608.06951提出的一个模型，该模型在高能时遵守WGC，但在低能时可能违反WGC。分析的影响，自下而上的模型建筑物使用EFT进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
The Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) was proposed to constrain Effective Field Theories (EFTs) with Abelian gauge symmetry coupled to gravity. In this article, I study the WGC from low energy observers' perspective, and revisit the issue of to what extent the WGC actually constrains EFTs. For this purpose, for a given EFT, I introduce associated idealized low energy observers who only have access to the energy scale below the UV cut-off scale of the EFT. In the framework of EFT, there is a clear difference between the particles lighter than the UV cut-off scale and the particles which are heavier than the UV cut-off scale, as the lighter particles can be created below the UV cut-off scale while the heavier particles are not. This difference implies that the knowledge of the low energy observers on the stable heavy particles can be limited, as the availability of the stable heavy particles is determined by the environment prepared by some UV theory unknown to the low energy observers. The limitation of the knowledge of the low energy observers regarding the stable heavy particles whose mass is above the UV cut-off scale of the EFT leads to the limitation of the WGC for constraining EFTs. To illustrate these points in an example, I analyze a model proposed by Saraswat arXiv:1608.06951 which respects the WGC at high energy, but which may appear to violate the WGC for the low energy observers. Implications of the analysis to the bottom-up model buildings using EFTs are discussed.
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