约束实际中子星大气参数的精确射线追踪
Accurate ray tracing of realistic neutron star atmospheres for constraining their parameters
摘要：
静态瞬态X射线双星中的中子星和经历热核爆发的中子星的热主导X射线谱对质量和半径敏感。中子星的质量-半径关系取决于控制其内部的状态方程。因此，精确地限定这种关系对于理解致密物质的性质具有根本的重要性。在这方面，我们介绍了一个管道来计算现实的模型光谱旋转中子星与氢和氦的气氛。一个任意快速旋转的中子星，在给定的状态方程下，产生了大气层辐射的时空。我们使用Lorene/nrotstar程序对时空进行数值计算，使用ATM 24程序自洽地求解辐射转移方程。新兴的特定强度光谱，然后射线跟踪通过中子星的时空从大气层到遥远的观察者与Gyoto代码。在这里，我们提出并测试我们的完全相对论数值管道。为了讨论和说明现实的大气模型的重要性，我们比较我们的模型光谱更简单的模型，如常用的各向同性颜色校正黑体发射。我们强调的重要性，考虑现实的模型大气光谱与相对论射线追踪，以获得准确的预测。我们还坚持恒星的自转对观测值的重要影响。最后，我们关闭了一个争论，一直出现在文献中，在最近几年关于的有效性的ATM 24代码。
英文摘要：
Thermal dominated X-ray spectra of neutron stars in quiescent transient X-ray binaries and neutron stars that undergo thermonuclear bursts are sensitive to mass and radius. The mass-radius relation of neutron stars depends on the equation of state that governs their interior. Constraining this relation accurately is thus of fundamental importance to understand the nature of dense matter. In this context we introduce a pipeline to calculate realistic model spectra of rotating neutron stars with hydrogen and helium atmospheres. An arbitrarily fast rotating neutron star with a given equation of state generates the spacetime in which the atmosphere emits radiation. We use the Lorene/nrotstar code to compute the spacetime numerically and the ATM24 code to solve the radiative transfer equations self-consistently. Emerging specific intensity spectra are then ray-traced through the neutron star's spacetime from the atmosphere to a distant observer with the Gyoto code. Here, we present and test our fully relativistic numerical pipeline. To discuss and illustrate the importance of realistic atmosphere models we compare our model spectra to simpler models like the commonly used isotropic color-corrected blackbody emission. We highlight the importance of considering realistic model-atmosphere spectra together with relativistic ray tracing to obtain accurate predictions. We also insist on the crucial impact of the star's rotation on the observables. Finally, we close a controversy that has been appearing in the literature in the recent years regarding the validity of the ATM24 code.
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