We report on recent refinements and the current status for the rotational state models and the reference frame of the planet Mercury. We summarize the performed measurements of Mercury rotation based on terrestrial radar observations as well as data from the Mariner 10 and the MESSENGER missions. Further, we describe the different available definitions of reference systems for Mercury, which are realized using data obtained by instruments on board MESSENGER. In particular, we discuss the dynamical frame, the principal-axes frame, the ellipsoid frame, as well as the cartographic frame. We also describe the reference frame adopted by the MESSENGER science team for the release of their cartographic products and we provide expressions for transformations from this frame to the other reference frames.
Mercury and frame-dragging in light of the MESSENGER flybys: conflict with general relativity, poor knowledge of the physical properties of the Sun, data reduction artifact, or still insufficient observations?
广义相对论利用日震学中太阳的角动量S = 190 x 10^39 kg m^2 s^-1，预测水星近日点经度的兰斯-瑟林岁差为-2.0毫角秒/世纪（在天体赤道参考系中计算）。在4-σ水平上，它与标准牛顿/爱因斯坦岁差的0.4 +/- 0.6毫角秒/世纪修正值不一致，只要后者完全归因于标架拖曳。补充岁差是最近用INPOP 10a星历表与一个长行星数据记录（1914-2010年）进行全球拟合确定的，其中包括2008-2009年从信使号航天器收集的3个数据点。INPOP 10a模型根本不包括太阳重力磁场，因此它的特征可能在数据简化过程中被部分删除。另一方面，Lense-Thirring进动可能在一定程度上被竞争进动所抵消，这些竞争进动是由太阳四极质量矩和PPN参数β进入Schwarzschild类1 PN进动的小错误建模引起的，两者都是在INPOP 10a中建模的。相反，水星本身的扁率对其近日点的影响可以忽略不计。最大的单个小行星和小行星环的错误模型行为也是如此。未来对目前正在进行的信使号任务的更多观测结果的分析将进一步阐明这一问题，如果得到证实，可能会挑战我们目前对目前公认的引力定律和/或太阳物理特性的看法。
Mercury Craters Named after Tajik-Persian Poets: Planetary Nomenclature as a Form of Preserving Cultural Heritage
Institute of Astrophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan（塔吉克斯坦国家科学院天体物理研究所）；S. U. Umarov Physical-Technical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan（塔吉克斯坦国家科学院S.U.乌马尔诺夫物理技术研究所）
