arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1710.04151cond-mat.soft
收藏

通过利用成核速率的时间依赖性控制晶体多晶型

Controlling the crystal polymorph by exploiting the time dependence of nucleation rates

Laurie J. Little, Alice A. K. King, Richard P. Sear, Joseph L. Keddie

摘要:

大多数物质可以结晶成两种或更多种不同的晶格,称为多晶型物。尽管如此,没有系统,我们可以定量预测的概率,一个竞争的多晶型形成,而不是其他。我们解决这个问题,使用大规模(数百个事件)的竞争成核的α和γ多晶型甘氨酸的研究。原位拉曼光谱用于鉴定每个晶体的多晶型。我们发现这两种多晶型物的成核动力学是非常不同的。α多晶型物的成核开始缓慢但加速,而γ多晶型物的成核开始快速但随后减慢。我们利用这一差异来提高纯度,我们获得的γ多晶型物的十倍。晶体成核的统计数据类似于人类的死亡率,并使用从医学统计的结果,我们表明,传统的成核数据可以说什么,如果有的话,是竞争成核过程之间的相关性。因此,我们可以表明,与我们的形式的数据,这是不可能解开竞争的成核过程。我们还发现晶体的生长速率和形状取决于它何时成核。这是新的证据表明成核和生长是联系在一起的。

英文摘要:

Most substances can crystallise into two or more different crystal lattices, called polymorphs. Despite this, there are no systems in which we can quantitatively predict the probability of one competing polymorph forming, instead of the other. We address this problem using large scale (hundreds of events) studies of the competing nucleation of the alpha and gamma polymorphs of glycine. In situ Raman spectroscopy is used to identify the polymorph of each crystal. We find that the nucleation kinetics of the two polymorphs is very different. Nucleation of the alpha polymorph starts off slowly but accelerates, while nucleation of the gamma polymorph starts off fast but then slows. We exploit this difference to increase the purity with which we obtain the gamma polymorph by a factor of ten. The statistics of the nucleation of crystals is analogous to that of human mortality, and using a result from medical statistics we show that conventional nucleation data can say nothing about what, if any, are the correlations between competing nucleation processes. Thus we can show that, with data of our form, it is impossible to disentangle the competing nucleation processes. We also find that the growth rate and the shape of a crystal depends on when it nucleated. This is new evidence that nucleation and growth are linked.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑