广义最小暗物质：毫电荷还是衰变
Generalizing Minimal Dark Matter: Millicharge or Decay
摘要：
最小暗物质框架对可行的暗物质（DM）候选者进行分类，这些候选者通过简单地用新的多重态增强粒子相互作用的标准模型而获得，而不添加新的特设对称性来使DM稳定。该模型没有自由参数，因此具有极强的预测性;此外，最近的研究挑选出马约拉纳$SU(2)_\text{L}$五联体作为唯一可行的候选者。该模型可以约束直接和间接DM搜索，与目前的伽马射线线搜索在银河系中心特别敏感。因此，现在是批判性地审查这一模式并指出可能的普遍性的时候了。我们提出并探索了两个不同的方向。一个是降低模型的截止值，它最初是固定在普朗克尺度上的，以允许DM五重态的衰变。我们详细分析了这一候选人的衰变谱，并表明伽马射线数据约束截止位于大统一体规模以上。另一种可能性是放弃DM电中性的假设，而支持绝对稳定的毫荷电DM候选物。我们明确地研究了几个例子，并发现狄拉克$SU(2)_\text{L}$三元组是候选人最少的间接搜索约束。
英文摘要：
The Minimal Dark Matter framework classifies viable Dark Matter (DM) candidates that are obtained by simply augmenting the Standard Model of particle interactions with a new multiplet, without adding new ad hoc symmetries to make the DM stable. The model has no free parameters and is therefore extremely predictive; moreover, recent studies singled out a Majorana $SU(2)_\text{L}$ quintuplet as the only viable candidate. The model can be constrained by both direct and indirect DM searches, with present time gamma-ray line searches in the Galactic Center being particularly sensitive. It is therefore timely to critically review this paradigm and point out possible generalizations. We propose and explore two distinct directions. One is to lower the cutoff of the model, which was originally fixed at the Planck scale, to allow for decays of the DM quintuplet. We analyze the decay spectrum of this candidate in detail and show that gamma-ray data constrain the cutoff to lie above the GUT scale. Another possibility is to abandon the assumption of DM electric neutrality in favor of absolutely stable, millicharged DM candidates. We explicitly study a few examples, and find that a Dirac $SU(2)_\text{L}$ triplet is the candidate least constrained by indirect searches.
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