用于南极脉冲瞬态天线（ANITA）的动态可调陷波滤波器
Dynamic tunable notch filters for the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA)
摘要：
南极脉冲瞬变天线（Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna，ANITA）是美国宇航局的一项长期气球实验，主要目标是通过阿斯卡里安效应探测超高能（$>10^{18}\,\mbox{eV}$）中微子。第四次ANITA任务ANITA-IV最近于2016年12月2日至12月29日飞行。可调谐通用滤波器前端（TUFF）板首次部署，用于通过可调谐、可切换的陷波滤波器缓解窄带人为噪声。TUFF板还执行约45 dB的第二级放大，以将$\sim\,μ\mbox{V-level}$射频（RF）信号提升到$\sim$ mV电平进行数字化，并通过偏置T形管向第一级天线安装放大器供电。ANITA-IV在信号处理方面的另一个主要变化是在触发系统中重新使用了以前部署在ANITA-I中的$90^{\circ}$混合电路板，尽管在本文中，我们将重点放在TUFF板上。在ANITA-IV任务期间，TUFF板在整个飞行过程中成功操作。与ANITA-III相比，由于在做出触发决定之前减少了窄带人为噪声，因此ANITA-IV的总仪器寿命平均高出2.8倍。
英文摘要：
The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) is a NASA long-duration balloon experiment with the primary goal of detecting ultra-high-energy ($>10^{18}\,\mbox{eV}$) neutrinos via the Askaryan Effect. The fourth ANITA mission, ANITA-IV, recently flew from Dec 2 to Dec 29, 2016. For the first time, the Tunable Universal Filter Frontend (TUFF) boards were deployed for mitigation of narrow-band, anthropogenic noise with tunable, switchable notch filters. The TUFF boards also performed second-stage amplification by approximately 45 dB to boost the $\sim\,μ\mbox{V-level}$ radio frequency (RF) signals to $\sim$ mV-level for digitization, and supplied power via bias tees to the first-stage, antenna-mounted amplifiers. The other major change in signal processing in ANITA-IV is the resurrection of the $90^{\circ}$ hybrids deployed previously in ANITA-I, in the trigger system, although in this paper we focus on the TUFF boards. During the ANITA-IV mission, the TUFF boards were successfully operated throughout the flight. They contributed to a factor of 2.8 higher total instrument livetime on average in ANITA-IV compared to ANITA-III due to reduction of narrow-band, anthropogenic noise before a trigger decision is made.
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