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arXiv 1301.4423astro-ph.IM
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南极射频反照率及其对Cosmic Ray重建的影响

Antarctic Radio Frequency Albedo and Implications for Cosmic Ray Reconstruction

D. Z. Besson, J. Stockham, M. Sullivan, P. Allison, S. W. Barwick, B. M. Baughman, J. J. Beatty, K. Belov, S. Bevan, W. R. Binns, C. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, … 展开作者

D. Z. Besson, J. Stockham, M. Sullivan, P. Allison, S. W. Barwick, B. M. Baughman, J. J. Beatty, K. Belov, S. Bevan, W. R. Binns, C. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, D. De Marco, P. F. Dowkontt, M. DuVernois, D. Goldstein, P. W. Gorham, E. W. Grashorn, B. Hill, S. Hoover, M. Huang, M. H. Israel, A. Javaid, J. Kowalski, J. Learned, K. M. Liewer, S. Matsuno, B. C. Mercurio, C. Miki, M. Mottram, J. Nam, C. J. Naudet, R. J. Nichol, K. Palladino, A. Romero-Wolf, L. Ruckman, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, R. Y. Shang, M. Stockham, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, Y. Wang

备注：
final version as accepted for publication by Radio Science
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摘要：

气球携带的ANITA（ANITA-ANANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITA-ANITAITA-ANITAITA-ANITA-ANITAITA-ANITAITA-ANITAITA-ANITAITAITA-ANITAITA-ANITAITAITA-ANITA虽然迄今为止还没有发现中微子，但ANITA仍然是唯一一个通过宇宙射线诱导的大气簇射来自动触发射频发射的实验。在大多数情况下，通过从南极冰盖反射并返回到ANITA干涉仪来观察下行RF信号。因此，估算入射宇宙射线的能量尺度需要估算在空气-冰界面反射的部分功率。同样，从观测到的向上折射到ANITA的信号推断中微子在冰中相互作用的能量也需要考虑界面上的信号相干性。通过比较使用ANITA测量的直接太阳RF信号强度与表面反射太阳信号强度，作为相对于表面的入射仰角θ的函数，我们估计功率反射系数R（Θ）。我们发现我们的平均测量值和从菲涅耳方程中预期的R（Θ）值之间的一般一致性，分别针对水平偏振和垂直偏振。

英文摘要：

From an elevation of ~38 km, the balloon-borne ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) is designed to detect the up-coming radio frequency (RF) signal resulting from a sub-surface neutrino-nucleon collision. Although no neutrinos have been discovered thus far, ANITA is nevertheless the only experiment to self-trigger on radio frequency emissions from cosmic-ray induced atmospheric air showers. In the majority of those cases, down-coming RF signals are observed via their reflection from the Antarctic ice sheet and back up to the ANITA interferometer. Estimating the energy scale of the incident cosmic rays therefore requires an estimate of the fractional power reflected at the air-ice interface. Similarly, inferring the energy of neutrinos interacting in-ice from observations of the upwards-directed signal refracting out to ANITA also requires consideration of signal coherence across the interface. By comparing the direct Solar RF signal intensity measured with ANITA to the surface-reflected Solar signal intensity, as a function of incident elevation angle relative to the surface Θ, we estimate the power reflection coefficients R(Θ). We find general consistency between our average measurements and the values of R(Θ) expected from the Fresnel equations, separately for horizontal- vs. vertical-polarizations.

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