奇异原子X射线产额的测量及其对基于反氘的暗物质研究的启示
A Measurement of Atomic X-ray Yields in Exotic Atoms and Implications for an Antideuteron-Based Dark Matter Search
摘要：
通用反粒子谱仪（GAPS）是一种利用宇宙反氘核间接研究暗物质的新方法。GAPS利用一种独特的探测方法，使用原子X射线和外来原子的带电粒子以及入射粒子的时间、停止范围和dE/dX能量沉积，这提供了出色的反氘识别。在未来的气球实验的预期中，加速器测试在2004年和2005年在日本KEK进行，以证明这一概念，并精确测量不同靶材料形成的反质子奇异原子的X射线产额[1]。用Al和S靶获得的奇异原子的X射线产额约为75%，高于文献[2]中的假设。本文提出了一个简单而全面的级联模型，它不仅可以用来评价测量结果，而且可以用来预测在GAPS仪器中由任何材料形成的奇异原子的X射线产额。该级联模型可扩展到任何奇异原子（任何带负电荷的级联粒子与任何靶材料），并与其他μ子和反质子奇异原子的实验数据和级联模型进行了比较和验证。用一个简单的级联模型预测了反氘核奇异原子的X射线产额，并估计了GAPS反氘核搜索的灵敏度，这表明GAPS具有很强的潜力来探测作为暗物质特征的反氘核。2012年夏天，在日本北海道的JAXA/ISAS气球设施成功发射了一次GAPS原型飞行（pGAPS）[4，5]，拟议的GAPS科学飞行将于2017-2018年夏季从南极洲起飞。
英文摘要：
The General AntiParticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is a novel approach for the indirect dark matter search that exploits cosmic antideuterons. GAPS utilizes a distinctive detection method using atomic X-rays and charged particles from the exotic atom as well as the timing, stopping range and dE/dX energy deposit of the incoming particle, which provides excellent antideuteron identification. In anticipation of a future balloon experiment, an accelerator test was conducted in 2004 and 2005 at KEK, Japan, in order to prove the concept and to precisely measure the X-ray yields of antiprotonic exotic atoms formed with different target materials [1]. The X-ray yields of the exotic atoms with Al and S targets were obtained as ~ 75%, which are higher than were previously assumed in [2]. A simple, but comprehensive cascade model has been developed not only to evaluate the measurement results but also to predict the X-ray yields of the exotic atoms formed with any materials in the GAPS instrument. The cascade model is extendable to any kind of exotic atom (any negatively charged cascading particles with any target materials), and it was compared and validated with other experimental data and cascade models for muonic and antiprotonic exotic atoms. The X-ray yields of the antideuteronic exotic atoms are predicted with a simple cascade model and the sensitivity for the GAPS antideuteron search was estimated for the proposed long duration balloon program [3], which suggests that GAPS has a strong potential to detect antideuterons as a dark matter signature. A GAPS prototype flight (pGAPS) was launched successfully from the JAXA/ISAS balloon facility in Hokkaido, Japan in summer 2012 [4, 5] and a proposed GAPS science flight is to fly from Antarctica in the austral summer of 2017-2018.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
