通用反粒子谱仪（GAPS）--利用低能反氘子寻找暗物质
The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) - Hunt for dark matter using low-energy antideuterons
摘要：
预计GAPS实验将使用一种新的探测方法来探测低能宇宙射线反氘子，从而进行暗物质搜索。理论上预测的反氘核通量是由初级宇宙射线与星际介质的次级相互作用引起的，但其值很低。到目前为止，还没有一个宇宙反氘核被任何实验探测到，但是有一些超越粒子物理学标准模型的理论，例如，超对称或普遍的额外维度，包含可行的暗物质候选者，这可能导致由于暗物质粒子的自湮灭而导致反氘通量的显著增强。GAPS计划从2014年开始，通过在南极洲高空进行一系列超长时间气球飞行来实现其目标。探测器本身将由13个Si（Li）固态探测器平面和一个飞行时间系统组成。低能量的反氘核（< 0.3 GeV/n）在Si（Li）材料中将被减速，取代壳层电子，形成激发的奇异原子。原子将被特征性的x射线跃迁去激发，并将通过形成湮灭π星而结束其生命。这种独特的事件结构将允许几乎无背景的检测。为了证明不同探测器部件在平流层高度的性能，将于2011年在日本Taiki进行原型飞行。
英文摘要：
The GAPS experiment is foreseen to carry out a dark matter search using a novel detection approach to detect low-energy cosmic-ray antideuterons. The theoretically predicted antideuteron flux resulting from secondary interactions of primary cosmic rays with the interstellar medium is very low. So far not a single cosmic antideuteron has been detected by any experiment, but well-motivated theories beyond the standard model of particle physics, e.g., supersymmetry or universal extra dimensions, contain viable dark matter candidates, which could led to a significant enhancement of the antideuteron flux due to self-annihilation of the dark matter particles.This flux contribution is believed to be especially large at small energies, which leads to a high discovery potential for GAPS. GAPS is designed to achieve its goals via a series of ultra-long duration balloon flights at high altitude in Antarctica, starting in 2014. The detector itself will consist of 13 planes of Si(Li) solid state detectors and a time of flight system. The low-energy antideuterons (< 0.3 GeV/n) will be slowed down in the Si(Li) material, replace a shell electron, and form an excited exotic atom. The atom will be deexcited by characteristic x-ray transitions and will end its life by forming an annihilation pion star. This unique event structure will allow for nearly background free detection. To prove the performance of the different detector components at stratospheric altitudes, a prototype flight will be conducted in 2011 from Taiki, Japan.
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