arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1709.04416q-bio.PE
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在基于个体的物种形成模型中登记进化历史

Registering the evolutionary history in individual-based models of speciation

Carolina L. N. Costa, Flavia M. D. Marquitti, S. Ivan Perez, David M. Schneider, Marlon F. Ramos, Marcus A. M. de Aguiar

摘要:

理解自然界中生物多样性模式的出现是生物学的一个核心问题。物种形成的理论模型已经在宏观生态尺度上解决了这个问题,但在宏观进化背景下的研究却很少。进化历史的知识允许模式的研究,这些模型中考虑的过程,揭示他们的签名和形成和灭绝的作用,在塑造宏观进化模式。在本文中,我们介绍了两种算法来记录种群的进化历史,在基于个体的物种形成模型,从系谱和遗传可以构建。第一种算法依赖于保存祖先-后代关系,生成一个矩阵,其中包含每一代所有个体对之间最近共同祖先的时间(最近共同祖先时间矩阵,MRCAT)。第二种算法直接记录整个进化过程中的所有物种形成和灭绝事件,生成一个具有物种真实发生的矩阵(顺序物种形成和灭绝事件,SSEE)。我们说明了使用这些算法在空间上明确的基于个人的物种形成模型。我们比较了通过MRCAT和SSEE算法生成的树与仅使用现存物种之间的遗传距离的方法推断的树,这些方法通常用于实证研究并应用于模拟遗传数据。树之间的比较与度量描述的整体拓扑结构,分支长度分布和不平衡的树。我们观察到,MRCAT和基于距离的树不同于真正的同源性,第一个比第二个更接近真正的树。

英文摘要:

Understanding the emergence of biodiversity patterns in nature is a central problem in biology. Theoretical models of speciation have addressed this question in the macroecological scale, but little has been investigated in the macroevolutionary context. Knowledge of the evolutionary history allows the study of patterns underlying the processes considered in these models, revealing their signatures and the role of speciation and extinction in shaping macroevolutionary patterns. In this paper we introduce two algorithms to record the evolutionary history of populations in individual-based models of speciation, from which genealogies and phylogenies can be constructed. The first algorithm relies on saving ancestral-descendant relationships, generating a matrix that contains the times to the most recent common ancestor between all pairs of individuals at every generation (the Most Recent Common Ancestor Time matrix, MRCAT). The second algorithm directly records all speciation and extinction events throughout the evolutionary process, generating a matrix with the true phylogeny of species (the Sequential Speciation and Extinction Events, SSEE). We illustrate the use of these algorithms in a spatially explicit individual-based model of speciation. We compare the trees generated via MRCAT and SSEE algorithms with trees inferred by methods that use only genetic distance among extant species, commonly used in empirical studies and applied here to simulated genetic data. Comparisons between tress are performed with metrics describing the overall topology, branch length distribution and imbalance of trees. We observe that both MRCAT and distance-based trees differ from the true phylogeny, with the first being closer to the true tree than the second.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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