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arXiv 1709.01503astro-ph.SR
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与NGC 1333中的HBC 340和HBC 341有关的可变反射星云的解释

Interpretation of a Variable Reflection Nebula Associated with HBC 340 and HBC 341 in NGC 1333

S. E. Dahm, L. A. Hillenbrand

摘要:

我们提出了多历元,$R-$波段成像从帕洛玛瞬态工厂的一个小的,扇形的反射星云在NGC 1333的经验,突出的亮度波动。HBC 340(K7 e)和HBC 341(M5 e)是位于星云顶点附近的一对晚型年轻恒星天体,它们的测光结果表明,虽然两者都是可变的,但前者在2014年9月的深度局部极小值之后已经变亮了两个以上。凯克高色散(R $\sim$ 45,000 - 66,000),光谱学显示HBC 340的原恒星是一个光谱联星(HBC 340 Aa + HBC 340 Ab)。HBC 340和HBC 341都表现出强烈的H $α$和禁戒线发射,与吸积和外流一致。我们的结论是,反射星云中的亮度波动代表了由HBC 340发出的不同入射辐射产生的光回波。在原恒星中观察到的短期变化归因于不规则的吸积活动,而在几百天的时间尺度上相关的倾斜行为可能是由于轨道环绕恒星的物质引起的类似日食的事件。哈勃太空望远镜对该区域的存档成像揭示了HBC 340的第二个微弱的伴星(F814 W $\sim$ 20.3等),位于原恒星以东1.02”($\sim$ 235 AU)。如果有关联,这个可能的亚恒星质量物体(20-50木星质量),HBC 340 B,可能与观测到的亮度变化无关。HBC 340自2014年末以来的持续增亮可以解释为类似EXOR的爆发,从模糊的星周尘埃引起的长时间日食事件中恢复,或者沿着视线逐渐移除增亮物质。我们这里的分析倾向于灭绝的一种情况。

英文摘要:

We present multi-epoch, $R-$band imaging obtained from the Palomar Transient Factory of a small, fan-shaped reflection nebula in NGC 1333 that experiences prominent brightness fluctuations. Photometry of HBC 340 (K7e) and HBC 341 (M5e), a visual pair of late-type, young stellar objects lying near the apex of the nebula, demonstrates that while both are variable, the former has brightened by more than two magnitudes following a deep local minimum in September 2014. Keck high dispersion (R$\sim$45,000-66,000), optical spectroscopy of HBC 340 suggests that the protostar is a spectroscopic binary (HBC 340Aa + HBC 340Ab). Both HBC 340 and HBC 341 exhibit strong H$α$ and forbidden line emission, consistent with accretion and outflow. We conclude that the brightness fluctuations in the reflection nebula represent light echos produced by varying incident radiation emanating from HBC 340. The short-term variability observed in the protostar is attributed to irregular accretion activity, while correlated, dipping behavior on a several hundred day time scale may be due to eclipse-like events caused by orbiting circumstellar material. Archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the region reveals a second, faint (F814W$\sim$20.3 mag) companion to HBC 340 that lies 1.02" ($\sim$235 AU) east of the protostar. If associated, this probable substellar mass object (20-50 Jupiter masses), HBC 340B, is likely unrelated to the observed brightness variations. The sustained brightening of HBC 340 since late 2014 can be explained by an EXor-like outburst, the recovery from a long duration eclipse event caused by obscuring circumstellar dust, or by the gradual removal of extincting material from along the line of sight. Our analysis here favors one of the extinction scenarios.

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