离子液体选通绝缘体形成表面导电沟道的研究
On the formation of a conducting surface channel by ionic liquid gating of an insulator
摘要：
离子液体选通已经成为调节复杂氧化物的载流子密度的流行工具。其中，带绝缘体SrTiO $_3$是研究最广泛的材料之一。虽然实验已经成功地诱导了（超）导电性，但离子液体门控将这种绝缘体变成导体的过程仍在研究中。最近的实验表明，诱导的载流子的电化学而不是静电起源。在这里，我们报告的实验探测SrTiO $_3$的离子液体的玻璃化转变温度附近的导电的时间演变。通过冷却至接近离子液体的玻璃化转变的温度，该过程缓慢发展，并且可以看出随时间演变。实验揭示了一个过程，其特征在于等待时间可以长达几分钟，然后突然出现传导。对于在我们的实验中应用的条件，我们发现一个一致的解释在SrTiO $_3$的表面形成的导电路径的静电机制。导电表面沟道的形成机制依赖于表面电位的几乎均匀的降低，直到SrTiO $_3$的导带边缘达到电极的费米能级。
英文摘要：
Ionic liquid gating has become a popular tool for tuning the charge carrier densities of complex oxides. Among these the band insulator SrTiO$_3$ is one of the most extensively studied materials. While experiments have succeeded in inducing (super)conductivity, the process by which ionic liquid gating turns this insulator into a conductor is still under scrutiny. Recent experiments have suggested an electrochemical rather than electrostatic origin of the induced charge carriers. Here, we report experiments probing the time evolution of conduction of SrTiO$_3$ near the glass transition temperature of the ionic liquid. By cooling down to temperatures near the glass transition of the ionic liquid the process develops slowly and can be seen to evolve in time. The experiments reveal a process characterized by waiting times that can be as long as several minutes preceding a sudden appearance of conduction. For the conditions applied in our experiments we find a consistent interpretation in terms of an electrostatic mechanism for the formation of a conducting path at the surface of SrTiO$_3$. The mechanism by which the conducting surface channel develops relies on a nearly homogeneous lowering of the surface potential until the conduction band edge of SrTiO$_3$ reaches the Fermi level of the electrodes.
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