海底仙女圈景观
Fairy circle landscapes under the sea
摘要：
短尺度的相互作用产生大尺度的植被格局，反过来，塑造跨景观的生态系统功能。仙女圈是指在连续的景观中没有植被的圆形斑块，是半干旱草原的典型特征。我们报告海底仙女圈海景海草草甸的发生，并提出了一个简单的模型，再现了在这些生态系统中观察到的海景的多样性，从植物的相互作用出现在草甸。这些海景包括两个极端的情况下，一个连续的草甸和一个裸露的景观，以及中间状态，范围从持续但孤立的仙女圈，或孤立的出现，海景与多个仙女圈，带状植被，和“豹皮”模式组成的裸露的海景模式组成的裸露的海景点缀着植物斑块。该模型预测，这些中间的海景延伸公里出现的结果，当地人口的不平衡，以及促进和竞争的相互作用的植物之间的特征空间尺度为20至30米，一致的海草性能的已知驱动程序。该模型可以扩展到其他景观中的克隆生长植物，显示仙女环，揭示了观察到的不同海景具有诊断能力，可以用于识别处于风险中的生态系统的海草草甸与灭绝点的接近程度。
英文摘要：
Short-scale interactions yield large-scale vegetation patterns that, in turn, shape ecosystem function across landscapes. Fairy circles, which are circular patches bare of vegetation within otherwise continuous landscapes, are characteristic features of semiarid grasslands. We report the occurrence of submarine fairy circle seascapes in seagrass meadows and propose a simple model that reproduces the diversity of seascapes observed in these ecosystems as emerging from plant interactions within the meadow. These seascapes include two extreme cases, a continuous meadow and a bare landscape, along with intermediate states that range from the occurrence of persistent but isolated fairy circles, or solitons, to seascapes with multiple fairy circles, banded vegetation, and "leopard skin" patterns consisting of bare seascapes patterns consisting of bare seascapes dotted with plant patches. The model predicts that these intermediate seascapes extending across kilometers emerge as a consequence of local demographic imbalances along with facilitative and competitive interactions among the plants with a characteristic spatial scale of 20 to 30 m, consistent with known drivers of seagrass performance. The model, which can be extended to clonal growth plants in other landscapes showing fairy rings, reveals that the different seascapes observed hold diagnostic power as to the proximity of seagrass meadows to extinction points that can be used to identify ecosystems at risks.
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