$Volvox$胚性倒位过程中细胞片层折叠的力学和变异性
Mechanics and Variability of Cell Sheet Folding in the Embryonic Inversion of $Volvox$
摘要：
胚胎发育过程中的许多变形是局部细胞形状变化和其他局部活性细胞片变形的整体结果。因此，形态发生不仅依赖于组织产生这些主动变形的能力，而且依赖于以克服组织的固有可变性和几何约束的方式调节它们的能力。在这里，我们探讨了绿色胚胎$Volvox$的调节和变异的相互作用，其球形胚胎将自己从内到外，使运动。通过光片显微镜和理论分析的结合，我们量化了这种反转的可变性，并详细分析了其力学，以显示形状的可变性是如何从几何，力学和主动调节的组合中产生的。
英文摘要：
Many embryonic deformations during development are the global result of local cell shape changes and other local active cell sheet deformations. Morphogenesis does not only therefore rely on the ability of the tissue to produce these active deformations, but also on the ability to regulate them in such a way as to overcome the intrinsic variability of and geometric constraints on the tissue. Here, we explore the interplay of regulation and variability in the green alga $Volvox$, whose spherical embryos turn themselves inside out to enable motility. Through a combination of light sheet microscopy and theoretical analysis, we quantify the variability of this inversion and analyse its mechanics in detail to show how shape variability arises from a combination of geometry, mechanics, and active regulation.
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