$Volvox~carteri$的胚胎倒置：弹性唇的翻转和剥离
Embryonic Inversion in $Volvox~carteri$: The Flipping and Peeling of Elastic Lips
摘要：
绿色果蝇$Volvox~carteri$的胚胎是球形的细胞片，在发育结束时，通过细胞形状的变化程序将自己从内到外翻转。这种倒置过程是形态发生细胞片变形的模型;它开始于细胞片前极的四个嘴唇打开，翻转并剥离以翻转胚胎。实验研究表明，如果其中一些细胞形状的变化受到抑制，反转就会被阻止，但这些观察结果的机械基础仍然不清楚。在这里，我们通过推导这些嘴唇的平均弹性理论来分析这种反演的力学，并解释反演的力学和演化方面的实验观察。
英文摘要：
The embryos of the green alga $Volvox~carteri$ are spherical sheets of cells that turn themselves inside out at the close of their development through a programme of cell shape changes. This process of inversion is a model for morphogenetic cell sheet deformations; it starts with four lips opening up at the anterior pole of the cell sheet, flipping over and peeling back to invert the embryo. Experimental studies have revealed that inversion is arrested if some of these cell shape changes are inhibited, but the mechanical basis for these observations has remained unclear. Here, we analyse the mechanics of this inversion by deriving an averaged elastic theory for these lips and we interpret the experimental observations in terms of the mechanics and evolution of inversion.
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