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arXiv 1708.07192cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.stat-mechhep-th
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凝聚态物理中的拓扑、几何和量子干涉

Topology, geometry and quantum interference in condensed matter physics

Alexander G. Abanov

摘要:

量子场论方法在凝聚态物理中有着广泛的应用。特别是,在研究凝聚态系统的低温和长距离行为时,有效作用的概念被证明是有用的。由于自发对称性破缺或突现的规范对称性而出现的自由度通常具有非平凡拓扑。在这些情况下,描述低能自由度的有效作用量中的项可以是度量无关的(拓扑的)。我们考虑几个不同类型的拓扑项的例子,并讨论它们的一些后果。我们也将讨论这些项的起源,并计算几个费米子模型的有效作用量。在这种方法中,拓扑项作为费米子行列式的相位出现,并代表费米子模型的量子异常。除了在高能物理中广泛使用拓扑术语外,它们似乎在电荷和自旋密度波、量子霍尔效应、自旋链、受抑磁体、拓扑绝缘体和超导体以及一些高温超导模型的研究中也很有用。

英文摘要:

The methods of quantum field theory are widely used in condensed matter physics. In particular, the concept of an effective action was proven useful when studying low temperature and long distance behavior of condensed matter systems. Often the degrees of freedom which appear due to spontaneous symmetry breaking or an emergent gauge symmetry, have non-trivial topology. In those cases, the terms in the effective action describing low energy degrees of freedom can be metric independent (topological). We consider a few examples of topological terms of different types and discuss some of their consequences. We will also discuss the origin of these terms and calculate effective actions for several fermionic models. In this approach, topological terms appear as phases of fermionic determinants and represent quantum anomalies of fermionic models. In addition to the wide use of topological terms in high energy physics, they appeared to be useful in studies of charge and spin density waves, Quantum Hall Effect, spin chains, frustrated magnets, topological insulators and superconductors, and some models of high-temperature superconductivity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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