超重元素的寻找：历史和哲学观点
The search for superheavy elements: Historical and philosophical perspectives
摘要：
最重的超铀元素被称为超重元素（SHE），是在位于德国，美国，俄罗斯和日本。物理科学这一分支的历史为现代科学的哲学和社会学提供了几个有趣的案例研究。SHE的故事阐明了什么构成化学元素的关键概念，发现新元素的标准是什么，以及如何为元素命名。这个故事也揭示了物理和化学之间有时令人不安的关系。Z > 110的元素是否与氧或钠的存在意义相同，这一点远不明显。答案不是由大自然给出的，而是由负责标准和评估发现声明的国际委员会给出的。这些委员会的工作和一般的SHE研究往往是有争议的。
英文摘要：
The heaviest of the transuranic elements known as superheavy elements (SHE) are produced in nuclear reactions in a few specialized laboratories located in Germany, the U.S., Russia, and Japan. The history of this branch of physical science provides several case studies of interest to the philosophy and sociology of modern science. The story of SHE illuminates the crucial notion of what constitutes a chemical element, what the criteria are for discovering a new element, and how an element is assigned a name. The story also cast light on the sometimes uneasy relationship between physics and chemistry. It is far from obvious that elements with Z > 110 exist in the same sense as oxygen or sodium exists. The answers are not given by nature but by international commissions responsible for the criteria and evaluation of discovery claims. The works of these commissions and of SHE research in general have often been controversial.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
