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arXiv 1707.07085astro-ph.HE
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星系团中Cosmic Ray电子在弱激波下的加速

Acceleration of Cosmic Ray Electrons at Weak Shocks in Galaxy Clusters

Hyesung Kang, Dongsu Ryu, T. W. Jones

摘要:

根据结构形成模拟,具有典型马赫数$M_{\rm s}\lesssim 3$的弱激波预计将在合并的星系团中形成。对许多合并星团的X射线和无线电观测表明了这种激波的存在。特别是,被称为射电遗迹的弥散射电源可以用同步加速器发射的电子在准垂直冲击下通过弥散冲击加速(费米I)加速来解释。在这里,我们也考虑可能的作用随机加速(费米II)的压缩MHD湍流下游的冲击。然后,我们探讨了一个令人困惑的差异,对于一些无线电遗物,从无线电频谱指数推断的冲击马赫数实质上大于从X射线观测估计。如果射电遗迹的激波表面由多个不同强度的激波组成,那么这个问题就可以理解了,在这种情况下,X射线观测倾向于拾取低马赫数和高动能通量的激波部分,而射电辐射则优先来自高马赫数和高宇宙线(CR)产生的激波部分。我们还表明,费米I再加速模型与预先存在的化石电子补充费米II加速由于postshock湍流可以重现观测到的无线电通量密度和集成的无线电频谱的两个巨大的无线电遗迹。研究表明,CR电子在星系团中的无碰撞激波中可以被加速,就像在星际介质中的超新星遗迹激波和在太阳风中行星际激波一样。

英文摘要:

According to structure formation simulations, weak shocks with typical Mach number, $M_{\rm s}\lesssim 3$, are expected to form in merging galaxy clusters. The presence of such shocks has been indicated by X-ray and radio observations of many merging clusters. In particular, diffuse radio sources known as radio relics could be explained by synchrotron-emitting electrons accelerated via diffusive shock acceleration (Fermi I) at quasi-perpendicular shocks. Here we also consider possible roles of stochastic acceleration (Fermi II) by compressive MHD turbulence downstream of the shock. Then we explore a puzzling discrepancy that for some radio relics, the shock Mach number inferred from the radio spectral index is substantially larger than that estimated from X-ray observations. This problem could be understood, if shock surfaces associated with radio relics consist of multiple shocks with different strengths.In that case, X-ray observations tend to pick up the part of shocks with lower Mach numbers and higher kinetic energy flux, while radio emissions come preferentially from the part of shocks with higher Mach numbers and higher cosmic ray (CR) production. We also show that the Fermi I reacceleration model with preexisting fossil electrons supplemented by Fermi II acceleration due to postshock turbulence could reproduce observed profiles of radio flux densities and integrated radio spectra of two giant radio relics. This study demonstrates the CR electrons can be accelerated at collisionless shocks in galaxy clusters just like supernova remnant shock in the interstellar medium and interplanetary shocks in the solar wind.

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