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arXiv 1707.05320physics.chem-phcond-mat.otherquant-ph
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化学反应中的量子不可逆性

Quantum Indistinguishability in Chemical Reactions

Matthew P. A. Fisher, Leo Radzihovsky

摘要:

量子不变性在许多低能物理现象中起着至关重要的作用,从量子流体到分子光谱。然而,在大多数高温过程中,特别是对于离子坐标,它通常被忽略,隐含地假设是可区分的,不相干的,因此很好地近似经典。我们探讨涉及小的对称分子的化学反应,并认为在许多情况下,一个完整的量子集体核自由度的治疗是必不可少的。几个物理参数的支持下,我们推测一个“量子动力学选择”(QDS)规则的小对称分子,排除化学过程,涉及从轨道非对称分子状态的直接转换。正如我们提出和讨论的那样,量子动力学选择规则的含义包括:(i)对位氢和邻位氢的不同化学反应性,(ii)诱导核自旋的分子间量子纠缠的机制,(iii)新的同位素分馏机制,(iv)“活性氧物质”的增强化学活性的新解释,(v)阐明正水分子在调节液态水的量子动力学中的重要性,(vi)在(假定的)量子脑的核自旋模型中提供关键的量子-生物化学联系,等等。

英文摘要:

Quantum indistinguishability plays a crucial role in many low-energy physical phenomena, from quantum fluids to molecular spectroscopy. It is, however, typically ignored in most high temperature processes, particularly for ionic coordinates, implicitly assumed to be distinguishable, incoherent and thus well-approximated classically. We explore chemical reactions involving small symmetric molecules, and argue that in many situations a full quantum treatment of collective nuclear degrees of freedom is essential. Supported by several physical arguments, we conjecture a "Quantum Dynamical Selection" (QDS) rule for small symmetric molecules that precludes chemical processes that involve direct transitions from orbitally non-symmetric molecular states. As we propose and discuss, the implications of the Quantum Dynamical Selection rule include: (i) a differential chemical reactivity of para- and ortho-hydrogen, (ii) a mechanism for inducing inter-molecular quantum entanglement of nuclear spins, (iii) a new isotope fractionation mechanism, (iv) a novel explanation of the enhanced chemical activity of "Reactive Oxygen Species", (v) illuminating the importance of ortho-water molecules in modulating the quantum dynamics of liquid water, (vi) providing the critical quantum-to-biochemical linkage in the nuclear spin model of the (putative) quantum brain, among others.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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