解决宇宙学中的观测者参考类问题
Resolving the observer reference class problem in cosmology
摘要：
假设我们是典型的观察者，在试图使多元宇宙理论可经验检验的过程中起着核心作用。关于这个假设的一个普遍的担忧是，它遭受了关于典型性假设的参考观察者类别的系统模糊性。作为一种出路，Srednicki和Hartle建议我们经验性地测试关于不同候选参考类的典型性，类似于我们如何测试物理理论。不幸的是，正如本文所指出的，这一想法失败了，因为典型性不是那种可以接受实证检验的假设。作为一种替代方案，观察员参考类的选择的背景信息约束的建议，根据观察员参考类的选择，它包括恰恰是那些观察员谁一个可能是，给定一个人的假设的背景信息。
英文摘要：
The assumption that we are typical observers plays a core role in attempts to make multiverse theories empirically testable. A widely shared worry about this assumption is that it suffers from systematic ambiguity concerning the reference class of observers with respect to which typicality is assumed. As a way out, Srednicki and Hartle recommend that we empirically test typicality with respect to different candidate reference classes in analogy to how we test physical theories. Unfortunately, as this paper argues, this idea fails because typicality is not the kind of assumption that can be subjected to empirical tests. As an alternative, a background information constraint on observer reference class choice is suggested according to which the observer reference class should be chosen such that it includes precisely those observers who one could possibly be, given one's assumed background information.
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