arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1706.09587cond-mat.stat-mechphysics.optics
收藏

微分涨落定理和任意初态广义Jarzynski等式的实验检验

Experimental test of the differential fluctuation theorem and a generalized Jarzynski equality for arbitrary initial states

Thai M. Hoang, Rui Pan, Jonghoon Ahn, Jaehoon Bang, H. T. Quan, Tongcang Li

摘要:

分子机器等小系统的非平衡过程在生物学、化学和物理学中普遍存在,但通常很难理解。在过去的二十年里,非平衡过程的几个精确的热力学关系,统称为涨落定理,已被发现,并提供了重要的见解。这些涨落定理是第二定律的推广,并可由微分涨落定理统一。在这里,我们进行的微分波动定理的第一个实验测试,使用光学悬浮纳米球在欠阻尼和过阻尼制度,并在空间和速度空间。我们还测试了几个定理,可以直接从它,包括一个广义Jarzynski等式,是有效的任意初始状态,和Hummer-Szabo关系。我们的研究从实验上验证了这些基本定理,并开创了用瞬时速度测量进行随机能量学实验研究的先河。

英文摘要:

Nonequilibrium processes of small systems such as molecular machines are ubiquitous in biology, chemistry and physics, but are often challenging to comprehend. In the past two decades, several exact thermodynamic relations of nonequilibrium processes, collectively known as fluctuation theorems, have been discovered and provided critical insights. These fluctuation theorems are generalizations of the second law, and can be unified by a differential fluctuation theorem. Here we perform the first experimental test of the differential fluctuation theorem, using an optically levitated nanosphere in both underdamped and overdamped regimes, and in both spatial and velocity spaces. We also test several theorems that can be obtained from it directly, including a generalized Jarzynski equality that is valid for arbitrary initial states, and the Hummer-Szabo relation. Our study experimentally verifies these fundamental theorems, and initiates the experimental study of stochastic energetics with the instantaneous velocity measurement.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑