暗物质晕：多流观点
Dark matter haloes: a multistream view
摘要：
神秘的暗物质占宇宙总质量的85%。暗物质的聚集在所有观测到的结构的形成中起着主导作用，其尺度从几分之一到几百兆秒差距。半导体激光器扮演着照亮这些结构的光的角色，因此它们可以被观察到。过去几十年的观测已经揭示了这些结构的丰富几何结构，目前被称为宇宙网。晕是暗物质的最高浓度，是发光星系的宿主。目前最精确的暗物质晕模型是在宇宙学N体模拟中实现的。在N体模拟中，从粒子分布中识别晕是一个引起人们极大兴趣和努力的问题。我们提出了一个新的框架来探测潜在的暗物质晕使用独特的暗物质-多流场。多流场出现在微扰增长的非线性阶段，因为暗物质没有碰撞。计算引力坍缩中速度流的数量补充了我们对空间聚集的认识。我们假设力素化晕具有凸边界。封闭和凸区域的多流场，因此隔离施加一个积极的条件上的所有三个特征值的海森估计的平滑多流场。在高多流场分辨率和低软化长度的单尺度分析中，具有局部多流最大值的晕子结构被隔离为单独的晕站点。
英文摘要：
Mysterious dark matter constitutes about 85% of all mass in the Universe. Clustering of dark matter plays the dominant role in the formation of all observed structures on scales from a fraction to a few hundreds of Mega-parsecs. Galaxies play a role of lights illuminating these structures so they can be observed. The observations in the last several decades have unveiled opulent geometry of these structures currently known as the cosmic web. Haloes are the highest concentrations of dark matter and host luminous galaxies. Currently the most accurate modeling of dark matter haloes is achieved in cosmological N-body simulations. Identifying the haloes from the distribution of particles in N-body simulations is one of the problems attracting both considerable interest and efforts. We propose a novel framework for detecting potential dark matter haloes using the field unique for dark matter -- multistream field. The multistream field emerges at the nonlinear stage of the growth of perturbations because the dark matter is collisionless. Counting the number of velocity streams in gravitational collapses supplements our knowledge of spatial clustering. We assume that the virialized haloes have convex boundaries. Closed and convex regions of the multistream field are hence isolated by imposing a positivity condition on all three eigenvalues of the Hessian estimated on the smoothed multistream field. In a single-scale analysis of high multistream field resolution and low softening length, the halo substructures with local multistream maxima are isolated as individual halo sites.
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