活性粒子的克劳修斯关系：我们能从涨落中学到什么？
Clausius relation for active particles: what can we learn from fluctuations?
摘要：
许多种类的活性颗粒，如细菌或活性胶体，通过自推进在恒温流体中运动。由这种非平衡力注入的能量最终在恒温器中作为热量耗散。由于热波动比自推进力快得多，也弱得多，因此它们往往被忽略，模糊了理论模型中耗散热的识别。出于同样的原因，在定义熵产生时，出现了某种自由或任意性。最近，三种不同的配方来定义热量和熵的产生已经提出了相同的模型，其中的作用，自我推进的高斯有色噪声。在这里，我们比较和讨论这些建议和它们的物理意义之间的关系。这些建议之一考虑到与非平衡活性浴交换的热：这样的“活性热”满足原始克劳修斯关系，并且可以通过实验验证。
英文摘要：
Many kinds of active particles, such as bacteria or active colloids, move in a thermostatted fluid by means of self-propulsion. Energy injected by such a non-equilibrium force is eventually dissipated as heat in the thermostat. Since thermal fluctuations are much faster and weaker than self-propulsion forces, they are often neglected, blurring the identification of dissipated heat in theoretical models. For the same reason, some freedom - or arbitrariness - appears when defining entropy production. Recently three different recipes to define heat and entropy production have been proposed for the same model where the role of self-propulsion is played by a Gaussian coloured noise. Here we compare and discuss the relation between such proposals and their physical meaning. One of these proposals takes into account the heat exchanged with a non-equilibrium active bath: such an "active heat" satisfies the original Clausius relation and can be experimentally verified.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
