Persistence diagrams (PDs) play a key role in topological data analysis (TDA), in which they are routinely used to describe topological properties of complicated shapes. PDs enjoy strong stability properties and have proven their utility in various learning contexts. They do not, however, live in a space naturally endowed with a Hilbert structure and are usually compared with specific distances, such as the bottleneck distance. To incorporate PDs in a learning pipeline, several kernels have been proposed for PDs with a strong emphasis on the stability of the RKHS distance w.r.t. perturbations of the PDs. In this article, we use the Sliced Wasserstein approximation SW of the Wasserstein distance to define a new kernel for PDs, which is not only provably stable but also provably discriminative (depending on the number of points in the PDs) w.r.t. the Wasserstein distance $d_1$ between PDs. We also demonstrate its practicality, by developing an approximation technique to reduce kernel computation time, and show that our proposal compares favorably to existing kernels for PDs on several benchmarks.
Optimal transport distances, otherwise known as Wasserstein distances, have recently drawn ample attention in computer vision and machine learning as a powerful discrepancy measure for probability distributions. The recent developments on alternative formulations of the optimal transport have allowed for faster solutions to the problem and has revamped its practical applications in machine learning. In this paper, we exploit the widely used kernel methods and provide a family of provably positive definite kernels based on the Sliced Wasserstein distance and demonstrate the benefits of these ke…
HRL Laboratories, LLC.（HRL实验室有限责任公司）；Télécom ParisTech（巴黎高等电信学院）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）
The Wasserstein distance and its variations, e.g., the sliced-Wasserstein (SW) distance, have recently drawn attention from the machine learning community. The SW distance, specifically, was shown to have similar properties to the Wasserstein distance, while being much simpler to compute, and is therefore used in various applications including generative modeling and general supervised/unsupervised learning. In this paper, we first clarify the mathematical connection between the SW distance and the Radon transform. We then utilize the generalized Radon transform to define a new family of dista…
Sliced-Wasserstein on Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices for M/EEG Signals
Université Bretagne Sud（布列塔尼南部大学）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）；Criteo AI Lab（Criteo人工智能实验室）；Université de Rouen（鲁昂大学）；IMT Atlantique（大西洋国立高等矿业电信学校）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）
On optimal solutions of classical and sliced Wasserstein GANs with non-Gaussian data
Dept. of Applied Math., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA（应用数学系，科罗拉多大学，伯尔德，科罗拉多州，80309，美国）；Department of EE and GICE, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan（电子工程系和信息科学与工程系，国立台湾大学，台北，台湾）；Institute of Communications Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan（通讯工程研究所，国立阳明交通大学，新竹，台湾）；Bosch Center for AI, USA（博世人工智能中心，美国）
Duke University（杜克大学）；Infinia ML Inc.（Infinia ML公司）
Traditional multi-view learning methods often rely on two assumptions: ($i$) the samples in different views are well-aligned, and ($ii$) their representations in latent space obey the same distribution. Unfortunately, these two assumptions may be questionable in practice, which limits the application of multi-view learning. In this work, we propose a hierarchical optimal transport (HOT) method to mitigate the dependency on these two assumptions. Given unaligned multi-view data, the HOT method penalizes the sliced Wasserstein distance between the distributions of different views. These sliced W…
In materials science and many other application domains, 3D information can often only be extrapolated by taking 2D slices. In topological data analysis, persistence vineyards have emerged as a powerful tool to take into account topological features stretching over several slices. In the present paper, we illustrate how persistence vineyards can be used to design rigorous statistical hypothesis tests for 3D microstructure models based on data from 2D slices. More precisely, by establishing the asymptotic normality of suitable longitudinal and cross-sectional summary statistics, we devise goodn…
Recent years have witnessed a tremendous growth using topological summaries, especially the persistence diagrams (encoding the so-called persistent homology) for analyzing complex shapes. Intuitively, persistent homology maps a potentially complex input object (be it a graph, an image, or a point set and so on) to a unified type of feature summary, called the persistence diagrams. One can then carry out downstream data analysis tasks using such persistence diagram representations. A key problem is to compute the distance between two persistence diagrams efficiently. In particular, a persistenc…
Persistence diagrams are a useful tool from topological data analysis which can be used to provide a concise description of a filtered topological space. What makes them even more useful in practice is that they come with a notion of a metric, the Wasserstein distance (closely related to but not the same as the homonymous metric from probability theory). Further, this metric provides a notion of stability; that is, small noise in the input causes at worst small differences in the output. In this paper, we show that the Wasserstein distance for persistence diagrams can be computed through quant…
This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the progressive approximation of Wasserstein barycenters of persistence diagrams, with applications to the visual analysis of ensemble data. Given a set of scalar fields, our approach enables the computation of a persistence diagram which is representative of the set, and which visually conveys the number, data ranges and saliences of the main features of interest found in the set. Such representative diagrams are obtained by computing explicitly the discrete Wasserstein barycenter of the set of persistence diagrams, a notoriously computationally …
Total S.A.（道达尔公司）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；CNRS Laboratoire d’Informatique de Paris 6（法国国家科学研究中心巴黎第六大学计算机实验室）
This paper presents a robust and efficient method for tracking topological features in time-varying scalar data. Structures are tracked based on the optimal matching between persistence diagrams with respect to the Wasserstein metric. This fundamentally relies on solving the assignment problem, a special case of optimal transport, for all consecutive timesteps. Our approach relies on two main contributions. First, we revisit the seminal assignment algorithm by Kuhn and Munkres which we specifically adapt to the problem of matching persistence diagrams in an efficient way. Second, we propose an…
