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arXiv 1706.01263astro-ph.GA
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短曝光的科学:哈勃快照观测大质量星系团

The science of short exposures: Hubble SNAPshot observations of massive galaxy clusters

Andrew Repp, Harald Ebeling

摘要:

哈勃太空望远镜对来自MACS样本的$0.3 < z < 0.5$的86个X射线选择的星系团进行的快照调查已经证明对于探索广泛的天文学研究课题是非常宝贵的。我们在这里概述了从第14周期到第20周期进行的四次MACS SNAPshot调查,这是长期努力的一部分,旨在确定特殊的星系团目标,以便银河系外社区进行深入的跟踪。我们还发布了作为该计划一部分观察到的所有星系团的红移和X射线光度。为了说明MACS集群SNAPshot观测的力量,我们探索了星系演化的几个方面,这些方案获得的图像照亮。我们证实了在$z>0.3$ X射线选择团簇的高透镜效率。研究星团红色序列的斜率的演化,我们观察到最好的红移略有下降,表明自$z\sim 1$以来年龄的贡献最小。与以前的研究结果一致,我们注意到,这是显着更蓝($\geq 5σ$)比它们的集群的红色序列的两个BCGs驻留在松弛的集群,并表现出明显的内部结构。由于我们的目标的高X射线光度,我们用钱德拉观察到的样本子集为X射线光度-光学丰富度关系增加了宝贵的杠杆作用,尽管有大量的散射,现在已经清楚地建立了从星系群到超大质量星系团的关系。我们的结论是,SNAPshot观测MACS集群的立场继续发挥重要的探路者的作用,在整个电磁波谱的天体物理研究。

英文摘要:

Hubble Space Telescope SNAPshot surveys of 86 X-ray selected galaxy clusters at $0.3 < z < 0.5$ from the MACS sample have proven invaluable for the exploration of a wide range of astronomical research topics. We here present an overview of the four MACS SNAPshot surveys conducted from Cycle 14 to Cycle 20 as part of a long-term effort aimed at identifying exceptional cluster targets for in-depth follow up by the extragalactic community. We also release redshifts and X-ray luminosities of all clusters observed as part of this initiative. To illustrate the power of SNAPshot observations of MACS clusters, we explore several aspects of galaxy evolution illuminated by the images obtained for these programmes. We confirm the high lensing efficiency of X-ray selected clusters at $z>0.3$. Examining the evolution of the slope of the cluster red sequence, we observe at best a slight decrease with redshift, indicating minimal age contribution since $z\sim 1$. Congruent to previous studies' findings, we note that the two BCGs which are significantly bluer ($\geq 5σ$) than their clusters' red sequences reside in relaxed clusters and exhibit pronounced internal structure. Thanks to our targets' high X-ray luminosity, the subset of our sample observed with Chandra adds valuable leverage to the X-ray luminosity--optical richness relation, which, albeit with substantial scatter, is now clearly established from groups to extremely massive clusters of galaxies. We conclude that SNAPshot observations of MACS clusters stand to continue to play a vital pathfinder role for astrophysical investigations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

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