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arXiv 1705.03474astro-ph.GA
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z~2:磁盘组装的新纪元

z~2: An Epoch of Disk Assembly

Raymond C. Simons, Susan A. Kassin, Benjamin J. Weiner, Sandra M. Faber, Jonathan R. Trump, Timothy M. Heckman, David C. Koo, Camilla Pacifici, Joel R. Primack,… 展开作者

Raymond C. Simons, Susan A. Kassin, Benjamin J. Weiner, Sandra M. Faber, Jonathan R. Trump, Timothy M. Heckman, David C. Koo, Camilla Pacifici, Joel R. Primack, Gregory F. Snyder, Alexander de la Vega

摘要:

我们探讨了从$z\sim2$宇宙恒星形成高峰期到今天恒星形成星系内部气体运动学的演化。星系旋转速度$V_{rot}$的测量,量化有序的运动,和气体速度分散$σ_g$,量化无序的运动,从深度2和SIGMA调查。本示例涵盖了从$z=2.5$到$z=0.1$的连续红移基线,跨度为10 Gyr。在低红移时,几乎所有质量足够大的恒星形成星系都是旋转支撑的($V_{rot}>σ_g$)。通过$z=2$,具有旋转支撑的星系的百分比在低恒星质量($10^{9}-10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$)下下降到50 $\%$,在高恒星质量($10^{10}-10^{11}M_{\odot}$)下下降到70 $\%$。对于$V_{rot}\,>\,3\,σ_g$,所有质量的百分比均低于35 $\%$。从$z\,=\,2$到现在,星系平均表现出非常平滑的运动学演化。所有的星系都倾向于随时间旋转,并且在更高质量的系统中更早达到。这主要是由于$σ_g$的平均下降了3倍,因为红移为2,这与质量无关。在相同的时间段内,对于低质量系统,$V_{rot}$增加了1.5倍,但对于高质量系统则没有演变。这些在$V_{rot}$和$σ_g$随时间的趋势是在一个固定的恒星质量,不应该被解释为星系人口的演化轨迹。当星系群在时间上与丰度匹配相联系时,不仅PDMATHAMO像以前一样随时间下降,而且对于所有星系质量,$V_{rot}$都随时间强烈增加。这增强了$V_{rot}/σ_g$的进化。这些结果表明,$z\,=\,2$是一个时期的磁盘组装,在此期间,强大的旋转支持目前在今天的大质量盘星系才刚刚开始出现。

英文摘要:

We explore the evolution of the internal gas kinematics of star-forming galaxies from the peak of cosmic star-formation at $z\sim2$ to today. Measurements of galaxy rotation velocity $V_{rot}$, which quantify ordered motions, and gas velocity dispersion $σ_g$, which quantify disordered motions, are adopted from the DEEP2 and SIGMA surveys. This sample covers a continuous baseline in redshift from $z=2.5$ to $z=0.1$, spanning 10 Gyrs. At low redshift, nearly all sufficiently massive star-forming galaxies are rotationally supported ($V_{rot}>σ_g$). By $z=2$, the percentage of galaxies with rotational support has declined to 50$\%$ at low stellar mass ($10^{9}-10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$) and 70$\%$ at high stellar mass ($10^{10}-10^{11}M_{\odot}$). For $V_{rot}\,>\,3\,σ_g$, the percentage drops below 35$\%$ for all masses. From $z\,=\,2$ to now, galaxies exhibit remarkably smooth kinematic evolution on average. All galaxies tend towards rotational support with time, and it is reached earlier in higher mass systems. This is mostly due to an average decline in $σ_g$ by a factor of 3 since a redshift of 2, which is independent of mass. Over the same time period, $V_{rot}$ increases by a factor of 1.5 for low mass systems, but does not evolve for high mass systems. These trends in $V_{rot}$ and $σ_g$ with time are at a fixed stellar mass and should not be interpreted as evolutionary tracks for galaxy populations. When galaxy populations are linked in time with abundance matching, not only does $σ_g$ decline with time as before, but $V_{rot}$ strongly increases with time for all galaxy masses. This enhances the evolution in $V_{rot}/σ_g$. These results indicate that $z\,=\,2$ is a period of disk assembly, during which the strong rotational support present in today's massive disk galaxies is only just beginning to emerge.

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