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arXiv 1703.07232astro-ph.GA
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turbulence在分子云形成和演化模拟中的驱动作用

The driving of turbulence in simulations of molecular cloud formation and evolution

Bastian Körtgen, Christoph Federrath, Robi Banerjee

摘要:

分子云在很大程度上受气体湍流运动的影响。数值和观测研究表明,恒星的形成速率和效率主要取决于湍流加速场中螺线管模和压缩模的混合,这可以用湍流驱动参数b来量化。对于纯螺线管(无发散)驱动,以前的研究表明b=1/3,对于完全压缩(无卷曲)驱动,b=1。在这项研究中,我们确定的演变的湍流驱动参数b的磁流体动力学模拟分子云的形成和演变。云的形成是由于两股温暖的中性气体流的会聚。我们探索不同的情况下,通过不同的初始湍流扰动的流量的大小。我们发现,云内的湍流的驱动模式强烈随时间波动,并没有表现出明显的相关性与典型的云的属性,如云的质量和(Alfven)马赫数。我们特别发现,$b$强烈变化,从b=0.3到b=0.8的时间尺度t<5万年,其中的时间尺度和变化范围可以从云到云。b从螺线管驱动到压缩驱动的快速变化主要与云的全球收缩和随后的恒星形成有关。我们的结论是,有效的湍流驱动参数应被视为一个自由的参数,可以从螺线管压缩在时间和空间。

英文摘要:

Molecular clouds are to a great extent influenced by turbulent motions in the gas. Numerical and observational studies indicate that the star formation rate and efficiency crucially depend on the mixture of solenoidal and compressive modes in the turbulent acceleration field, which can be quantified by the turbulent driving parameter b. For purely solenoidal (divergence-free) driving previous studies showed that b=1/3 and for entirely compressive (curl-free) driving b=1. In this study, we determine the evolution of the turbulent driving parameter b in magnetohydrodynamical simulations of molecular cloud formation and evolution. The clouds form due to the convergence of two flows of warm neutral gas. We explore different scenarios by varying the magnitude of the initial turbulent perturbations in the flows. We show that the driving mode of the turbulence within the cloud strongly fluctuates with time and exhibits no clear correlation with typical cloud properties, such as the cloud mass and the (Alfven) Mach number. We specifically find that $b$ strongly varies from b=0.3 to b=0.8 on timescales t<5 Myr, where the timescale and range of variation can change from cloud to cloud. This rapid change of b from solenoidal to compressive driving is primarily associated with global contraction of the cloud and subsequent onset of star formation. We conclude that the effective turbulence driving parameter should be treated as a free parameter that can vary from solenoidal to compressive in both time and space.

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