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arXiv 1703.03422astro-ph.GA
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低红移$L_*$星系周围大OVI柱的意义

Implications of the large OVI columns around low-redshift $L_*$ galaxies

Matthew McQuinn, Jessica K. Werk

摘要:

观测结果显示,在恒星形成的$L_*$星系周围有大量的OVI,覆盖范围接近于1,延伸到主晕的维里半径。这种OVI吸收通常以光致电离气体为中心,其线宽是超热的,并且从星系运动学上偏移。我们讨论了各种方案,以及它们是否会导致观察到的现象(冷却气流,边界层,冲击,维里化气体,热平衡光电离云)。如果主要是碰撞电离,我们认为是最有可能的,OVI的观测要求环星系介质(CGM)的$L_*$星系持有几乎所有的相关重子维里半径($\sim 10^{11}M_\odot$)和主机的冷却气体与$\approx30[nT/30{\rm~cm^{-3}K}]~M_\odot~$年$^{-1}$,这必须在很大程度上防止吸积到宿主星系的质量流。冷却和反馈能量学考虑需要$10 <\langle nT\rangle<100{\rm~cm^{-3}K}$用于温暖和热的晕气体。我们认为,维里化气体,边界层,热风,冲击是不可能直接占大部分的OVI。此外,我们发现,有一个强大的约束的数量密度的许多光电离$\sim10^4$ K吸收系统,产生的上限范围内的$n<(0.1-3)\times10^{-3}(Z/0.3)$ cm $^{-3}$,其中$Z$是金属丰度,这表明在一些光电离云的主要压力是非热的。这个约束,这需要最小的电离建模,是符合从更复杂的光电离建模推断的低密度。据推测,大量的冷却气体可以在晕动力学时间的一小部分内重新形成这些云,因为一些论点需要,并且它需要超新星和恒星风的大部分反馈能量在CGM中消散。

英文摘要:

Observations reveal massive amounts of OVI around star-forming $L_*$ galaxies, with covering fractions of near unity extending to the host halo's virial radius. This OVI absorption is typically kinematically centered upon photoionized gas, with line widths that are suprathermal and kinematically offset from the galaxy. We discuss various scenarios and whether they could result in the observed phenomenology (cooling gas flows, boundary layers, shocks, virialized gas, photoionized clouds in thermal equilibrium). If predominantly collisionally ionized, as we argue is most probable, the OVI observations require that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of $L_*$ galaxies holds nearly all the associated baryons within a virial radius ($\sim 10^{11}M_\odot$) and hosts massive flows of cooling gas with $\approx30[nT/30{\rm~cm^{-3}K}]~M_\odot~$yr$^{-1}$, which must be largely prevented from accreting onto the host galaxy. Cooling and feedback energetics considerations require $10 <\langle nT\rangle<100{\rm~cm^{-3}K}$ for the warm and hot halo gases. We argue that virialized gas, boundary layers, hot winds, and shocks are unlikely to directly account for the bulk of the OVI. Furthermore, we show that there is a robust constraint on the number density of many of the photoionized $\sim10^4$K absorption systems that yields upper bounds in the range $n<(0.1-3)\times10^{-3}(Z/0.3)$cm$^{-3}$, where $Z$ is the metallicity, suggestive that the dominant pressure in some photoionized clouds is nonthermal. This constraint, which requires minimal ionization modeling, is in accord with the low densities inferred from more complex photoionization modeling. The large amount of cooling gas that is inferred could re-form these clouds in a fraction of the halo dynamical time, as some arguments require, and it requires much of the feedback energy available from supernovae and stellar winds to be dissipated in the CGM.

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