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arXiv 1604.02168astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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环银河系气体的普适密度结构

A Universal Density Structure for Circum-Galactic Gas

Jonathan Stern, Joseph F. Hennawi, J. Xavier Prochaska, Jessica K. Werk

摘要:

我们发展了一种新的方法来限制冷(~10^4 K)环星系介质(CGM)中的物理条件,通过假设冷CGM跨越大范围的气体密度,小的高密度云分层嵌入在大的低密度云的离子柱密度的测量。新方法结合了在光电离建模过程中从不同视线获得的信息,从而与单独建模每个视线的传统方法相比,对CGM属性产生了更严格的约束。将这一新技术应用于低红移~L * 星系的COS-Halos巡天,我们发现我们可以再现样品中所有44个星系中从低离子到OVI的所有观测到的离子柱,并且对于冷CGM具有单一的普适密度结构。气体密度的范围为50 <ρ/ρ_mean <5x10^5(ρ_mean是宇宙平均值),而单个云的物理大小为~ρ ^-1,从低密度OVI云的~35 kpc到最高密度低离子云的~6 pc。由于云的尺寸太小,这种密度结构不可能是由自引力驱动的,因此它的物理起源还不清楚。维里半径内的冷CGM质量为1.3x10^10太阳质量(约为晕质量的1%),在40年内密度分布相当均匀。平均冷气体密度分布的尺度为R ^-1.0,其中R是到星系中心的距离。我们构建了一个三维模型的基础上,我们的研究结果,我们认为CGM结构的水动力模拟提供了一个基准。我们的结果可以通过测量不同离子的相干尺度来检验。

英文摘要:

We develop a new method to constrain the physical conditions in the cool (~10^4 K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) from measurements of ionic column densities, by assuming that the cool CGM spans a large range of gas densities and that small high-density clouds are hierarchically embedded in large low-density clouds. The new method combines the information available from different sightlines during the photoionization modeling, thus yielding tighter constraints on CGM properties compared to traditional methods which model each sightline individually. Applying this new technique to the COS-Halos survey of low-redshift ~L* galaxies, we find that we can reproduce all observed ion columns in all 44 galaxies in the sample, from the low-ions to OVI, with a single universal density structure for the cool CGM. The gas densities span the range 50 < ρ/ρ_mean < 5x10^5 (ρ_mean is the cosmic mean), while the physical size of individual clouds scales as ~ρ^-1, from ~35 kpc of the low density OVI clouds to ~6 pc of the highest density low-ion clouds. The deduced cloud sizes are too small for this density structure to be driven by self-gravity, thus its physical origin is unclear. The implied cool CGM mass within the virial radius is 1.3x10^10 M_sun (~1% of the halo mass), distributed rather uniformly over the four decades in density. The mean cool gas density profile scales as R^-1.0, where R is the distance from the galaxy center. We construct a 3D model of the cool CGM based on our results, which we argue provides a benchmark for the CGM structure in hydrodynamic simulations. Our results can be tested by measuring the coherence scales of different ions.

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