矮星系红外-亚毫米辐射模式的多样性：流体动力学模拟的CLUES
Diversity of dwarf galaxy IR-submm emission patterns: CLUES from hydrodynamical simulations
摘要：
低质量低金属度（矮）星系的光谱能量分布（SED）是近宇宙星系形成难题中具有挑战性的一块。这些SED在亚毫米到远红外波长范围内显示出一些特殊的特征，与正常的，更大的，更富含金属的星系相比，这些特征无法用当前的模型来解释。这些问题可归纳为：IR峰的增宽，这意味着更温暖的尘埃成分; submm中的过量发射（$\sim$ 500 $μ$ m），这导致submm/FIR斜率变平;以及PAH发射特征的非常低的强度。为了解释这些辐射模式，我们用GRASIL-3D辐射传输程序计算了27个模拟矮星系的SEDs。该程序的特殊之处在于，它分别处理了通过分子云和卷云内尘埃颗粒的辐射转移，即气相的稠密和弥散成分。模拟星系的恒星质量范围从10 $^6$-10 $^9$ M $_\odot$，并获得了一个单一的模拟运行内的本地集团环境的初始条件从CLUES项目。我们报告的IRAS，斯皮策和赫歇尔带光度的研究，和SFR，灰尘，和气体（HI和H $_2$）的质量含量。我们发现一个令人满意的协议与观测数据，与GRASIL-3D自然再现上述特定的光谱特征。我们的结论是，GRASIL-3D双组分尘埃模型给出了矮星系的发射的物理解释：分子云和卷云分别代表温暖和寒冷的尘埃成分，需要重现观测数据。
英文摘要：
The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of low-mass low-metallicity (dwarf) galaxies are a challenging piece of the puzzle of galaxy formation in the near Universe. These SEDs show some particular features in the submillimeter to far-infrared wavelength range compared to normal, larger, and metal-richer galaxies that cannot be explained by the current models. These can be summarized as: a broadening of the IR peak, which implies a warmer dust component; an excess of emission in the submm ($\sim$500 $μ$m), that causes a flattening of the submm/FIR slope; and a very low intensity of PAH emission features. With the aim of explaining these emission patterns, the SEDs of a sample of 27 simulated dwarf galaxies were calculated using the GRASIL-3D radiation transfer code. This code has the particularity that it separately treats the radiative transfer through dust grains within molecular clouds and within the cirrus, the dense and diffuse components of the gas phase, respectively. The simulated galaxies have stellar masses ranging from 10$^6$-10$^9$ M$_\odot$, and were obtained from a single simulation run within a Local Group environment with initial conditions from the CLUES project. We report a study of the IRAS, Spitzer and Herschel bands luminosities, and of the SFRs, dust, and gas (HI and H$_2$) mass contents. We find a satisfactory agreement with observational data, with GRASIL-3D naturally reproducing the specific spectral features mentioned above. We conclude that the GRASIL-3D two-component dust model gives a physical interpretation of the emission of dwarf galaxies: molecular clouds and cirrus represent the warm and cold dust components, respectively, needed to reproduce observational data.
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