功能材料畴结构中的非周期拓扑序
Aperiodic topological order in the domain configurations of functional materials
摘要：
在许多功能材料中，例如钢、铁电体和磁体，新的功能可以通过设计畴结构来实现，畴结构与材料内某些参数的排序相关联。原子尺度空间分辨率成像技术的最新进展改变了我们对畴拓扑结构的理解，揭示了除了简单的条纹状或不规则形状的畴外，还存在有趣的涡旋型拓扑畴结构。在这篇综述中，我们提出了一个新的分类方案的“ZmxZn域与Zl涡”的二维宏观域结构与m方向的变体和n平移反相。这种分类，连同拓扑保护和拓扑电荷守恒的概念，可以应用于广泛的材料，如多铁性，不适当的铁电体，层状过渡金属二硫属化物和磁性超导体，我们讨论通过选定的例子。由此产生的拓扑考虑提供了一个新的基础的理解功能材料中的域和域边界的形成，动力学，操作和性能优化。
英文摘要：
In numerous functional materials, such as steels, ferroelectrics and magnets, new functionalities can be achieved through the engineering of the domain structures, which are associated with the ordering of certain parameters within the material. The recent progress in imaging techniques with atomic-scale spatial resolution transformed our understanding of domain topology revealing that, along with simple stripe-like or irregularly shaped domains, intriguing vortex-type topological domain configurations also exist. In this Review, we present a new classification scheme of "ZmxZn domains with Zl vortices" for two-dimensional macroscopic domain structures with m directional variants and n translational antiphases. This classification, together with the concept of topological protection and topological charge conservation, can be applied to a wide range of materials, such as multiferroics, improper ferroelectrics, layered transition-metal dichalcogenides and magnetic superconductors, as we discuss through selected examples. The resulting topological considerations provide a new basis for the understanding of the formation, kinetics, manipulation and property optimization of domains and domain boundaries in functional materials.
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