在系外行星中寻找奇怪的夸克物质物体
Searching for strange quark matter objects in exoplanets
摘要：
强子物质的真正基态可能是奇异夸克物质。因此，观测到的中子星实际上可能是奇异的夸克星，而不是中子星。然而，由于奇异夸克星和中子星在宏观上的相似性，SQM假说的证伪仍然是一个难题。在这里，我们提出了一个有希望的方法来探测奇异夸克物质的存在。在SQM假说的框架下，奇异夸克矮星甚至奇异夸克行星也可以稳定存在。注意到SQM行星不会潮汐中断，即使当他们得到非常接近他们的主恒星，由于其极端紧凑，我们认为，我们可以确定SQM行星通过搜索非常接近太阳系外行星系统中的行星。特别是，我们应该关注轨道半径小于$\sim 5.6 \times 10^{10}$ ~cm、周期小于$\sim 6100$ ~s的可能脉冲星行星。在目前探测到的围绕正常主序星的$\sim 2950$系外行星中进行了彻底的搜索，未能识别出任何符合SQM标准的稳定近距离物体，即位于正常物质行星的潮汐破裂区域。然而，轨道半径为$\sim 6 \times 10^{10}$ ~cm，轨道周期为$7837$ ~s的脉冲星行星PSR J 1719 - 1438 B被认为是一个很好的候选者。
英文摘要：
The true ground state of hadronic matter may be strange quark matter (SQM). Consequently, the observed pulsars may actually be strange quark stars, but not neutron stars. However, proving or disproving the SQM hypothesis still remains to be a difficult problem, due to the similarity between the macroscopical characteristics of strange quark stars and neutron stars. Here we propose a hopeful method to probe the existence of strange quark matter. In the frame work of the SQM hypothesis, strange quark dwarfs and even strange quark planets can also stably exist. Noting that SQM planets will not be tidally disrupted even when they get very close to their host stars due to their extreme compactness, we argue that we could identify SQM planets by searching for very close-in planets among extrasolar planetary systems. Especially, we should keep our eyes on possible pulsar planets with orbital radius less than $\sim 5.6 \times 10^{10}$~cm and period less than $\sim 6100$~s. A thorough search in the currently detected $\sim 2950$ exoplanets around normal main sequence stars has failed to identify any stable close-in objects that meet the SQM criteria, i.e. lying in the tidal disruption region for normal matter planets. However, the pulsar planet PSR J1719-1438B, with an orbital radius of $\sim 6 \times 10^{10}$~cm and orbital period of $7837$~s, is encouragingly found to be a good candidate.
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