使用凌日系外行星勘测卫星搜寻引力波对应体
Searching for Gravitational-Wave Counterparts using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
AI总结：
本研究利用TESS宽视场优势，搜索引力波对应体，在O3数据中未发现明显信号，并通过模拟评估其在O4中的千新星发现潜力，同时探讨了限制双黑洞电磁辐射及快速排除天区的作用。
摘要：
2017年，LIGO和Virgo引力波探测器与电磁波天文学家合作，观测到了首个引力波多信使天体物理事件——双中子星并合GW170817。这标志着多信使天体物理学新时代的开始。为了发现更多的引力波多信使事件，我们探索了凌日系外行星勘测卫星（TESS）与LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA合作组织（LVK）探测器网络触发的引力波观测之间的协同作用。TESS约2300平方度的极宽视场意味着它可以覆盖大范围的引力波定位区域，这些区域通常可达数百平方度或更大。在这项工作中，我们使用最近开发的瞬变检测流程来搜索LVK第三次观测运行（O3）期间收集的TESS数据，以寻找任何电磁波对应体。我们在TESS波段中没有发现亮于约17星等的明显对应体。此外，我们展示了双中子星并合的端到端模拟，包括它们在引力波中的探测以及光变曲线模拟，以确定TESS在LVK下一次观测运行（O4）中的千新星发现潜力。在最乐观的情况下，TESS每年将观测到至多一个由引力波发现的双中子星并合对应体。然而，TESS也可能发现多达五个未触发LVK网络的千新星，这强调了电磁波触发的引力波搜索可能在未来的千新星探测中发挥关键作用。我们还讨论了TESS如何帮助限制双黑洞并合的电磁辐射，并快速排除定位不佳的引力波事件的大片天区。
英文摘要：
In 2017, the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors, in conjunction with electromagnetic (EM) astronomers, observed the first GW multi-messenger astrophysical event, the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817. This marked the beginning of a new era in multi-messenger astrophysics. To discover further GW multi-messenger events, we explore the synergies between the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and GW observations triggered by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration (LVK) detector network. TESS's extremely wide field of view of ~2300 deg^2 means that it could overlap with large swaths of GW localizations, which can often span hundreds of deg^2 or more. In this work, we use a recently developed transient detection pipeline to search TESS data collected during the LVK's third observing run, O3, for any EM counterparts. We find no obvious counterparts brighter than about 17th magnitude in the TESS bandpass. Additionally, we present end-to-end simulations of BNS mergers, including their detection in GWs and simulations of light curves, to identify TESS's kilonova discovery potential for the LVK's next observing run (O4). In the most optimistic case, TESS will observe up to one GW-found BNS merger counterpart per year. However, TESS may also find up to five kilonovae which did not trigger the LVK network, emphasizing that EM-triggered GW searches may play a key role in future kilonova detections. We also discuss how TESS can help place limits on EM emission from binary black hole mergers, and rapidly exclude large sky areas for poorly localized GW events.
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