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arXiv 1702.05090astro-ph.CO
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利用Sunyaev-Zel'dovich效应选取的一个超大（$θ_{E}\gtrsim40$“）强引力透镜：PLCK G287 .0+32.9（$z$ = 0.38）

A Very Large ($θ_{E}\gtrsim40$") Strong Gravitational Lens Selected with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect: PLCK G287.0+32.9 ($z$ = 0.38)

Adi Zitrin, Stella Seitz, Anna Monna, Anton Koekemoer, Mario Nonino, Daniel Gruen, Italo Balestra, Marisa Girardi, Johannes Koppenhoefer, Amata Mercurio

备注：
Published in ApJL; 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; V2: accepted version
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摘要：

由于星系团位于质量函数的高端，星系团的数量既大又集中，足以产生特别大的爱因斯坦半径，这对宇宙学和结构形成模型构成了有用的限制。到目前为止，只有少数星团的爱因斯坦半径超过$\sim40$“（对于一个位于$z_{s}\simeq2$的源，名义上）。在这里，我们报告了一个被Sunyaev-Zel'dovich（SZ）选中的星团，PLCK G287.0+32.9（$z=0.38$），普朗克星表中第二高的SZ质量（$M_{500}$）星团。我们首次对该星系团进行了强透镜分析，在新的\emph{Hubble Space Telescope}数据中识别出20组多重成像星系和候选星系，包括一个长的$l\sim22$“巨弧，以及一个四倍成像的、明显明亮的（放大到J $_{F110W}=$ 25.3 AB），可能是在$z_{phot}=6.90$ [6.13--8.43]（95\% C.I.）的高红移脱落星系。我们的分析揭示了一个非常大的临界面积（1.55弧分$^{2}$，$z_{s}\simeq2$），对应于$θ_{E}\sim42$“的有效爱因斯坦半径。该模型表明，对于位于$z_{s}\sim10$的源，临界面积将扩大到2.58弧分$^{2}$（$θ_{E}\sim54$“）。我们的工作增加了最近的努力，为詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜的发射建立了非常大的星团模型，以确定研究早期宇宙最有用的宇宙透镜。多重成像星系的光谱红移和额外的HST数据对于改进透镜模型和验证$z\sim7$脱落的性质是必要的。

英文摘要：

Since galaxy clusters sit at the high-end of the mass function, the number of galaxy clusters both massive and concentrated enough to yield particularly large Einstein radii poses useful constraints on cosmological and structure formation models. To date, less than a handful of clusters are known to have Einstein radii exceeding $\sim40$" (for a source at $z_{s}\simeq2$, nominally). Here, we report an addition to that list of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) selected cluster, PLCK G287.0+32.9 ($z=0.38$), the second-highest SZ-mass ($M_{500}$) cluster from the Planck catalog. We present the first strong lensing analysis of the cluster, identifying 20 sets of multiply-imaged galaxies and candidates in new \emph{Hubble Space Telescope} data, including a long, $l\sim22$" giant arc, as well as a quadruply-imaged, apparently bright (magnified to J$_{F110W}=$25.3 AB), likely high-redshift dropout galaxy at $z_{phot}=6.90$ [6.13--8.43] (95\% C.I.). Our analysis reveals a very large critical area (1.55 arcmin$^{2}$, $z_{s}\simeq2$), corresponding to an effective Einstein radius of $θ_{E}\sim42$". The model suggests the critical area will expand to 2.58 arcmin$^{2}$ ($θ_{E}\sim54$") for sources at $z_{s}\sim10$. Our work adds to recent efforts to model very massive clusters towards the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, in order to identify the most useful cosmic lenses for studying the early Universe. Spectroscopic redshifts for the multiply-imaged galaxies and additional HST data will be necessary for refining the lens model and verifying the nature of the $z\sim7$ dropout.

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