多信道直接多址宽带分布式频谱共享
Wideband Distributed Spectrum Sharing with Multichannel Immediate Multiple Access
摘要：
本文描述了一种用于在宽带频率和局部区域中的次级用户（SU）之间的多个信道的分布式频谱共享的无线电架构。提出了一种新的多信道直接多址接入（MIMA）物理层，使得每个SU可以同时监控所有信道的输入信号，并在多个信道内实现快速会合。SU对所利用的频谱可以基于发射机处的频谱感测以及接收机处的跟踪同步和控制消息来动态地改变。虽然关于活动SU的数量的信息可以用于提高频谱共享效率，但是相对于获得这种信息的成本，这种提高是很小的。因此，该架构采用多信道载波侦听多路访问（CSMA）进行媒体访问控制，而不管活动SU的数量。该架构的原型实现已经开发使用先进的软件定义无线电（SDR）平台。系统测试表明，如果信噪比（SNR）足够高，频谱共享效率的原型是接近一个上限。在其他实际问题中，由硬件IQ不平衡引起的成像干扰限制了系统性能。在原型中，MIMA基于LTE波形。因此，频谱共享无线电可以潜在地应用于公民宽带无线电服务（CBRS）的3.5GHz雷达频带。
英文摘要：
This paper describes a radio architecture for distributed spectrum sharing of multiple channels among secondary users (SUs) in a wide band of frequencies and a localized area. A novel Multichannel Immediate Multiple Access (MIMA) physical layer is developed such that each SU can monitor all the channels simultaneously for incoming signals and achieve fast rendezvous within the multiple channels. The spectrum utilized by an SU pair can be changed dynamically based upon spectrum sensing at the transmitter and tracking synchronization and control messages at the receiver. Although information about the number of active SUs can be used to improve the spectrum sharing efficiency, the improvement is small relative to the cost of obtaining such information. Therefore, the architecture adopts Multichannel Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) for medium access control regardless of the number of active SUs. A prototype implementation of the architecture has been developed using an advanced software defined radio (SDR) platform. System tests demonstrate that the spectrum sharing efficiency of the prototype is close to an upper bound if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is sufficiently high. Among other practical issues, imaged interference caused by hardware IQ imbalance limits system performance. In the prototype, the MIMA is based on an LTE waveform. Therefore, the spectrum sharing radio can be potentially applied to the 3.5 GHz radar band for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS).
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