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arXiv 1702.02170cs.CL
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如何评价词嵌入?关于数据效率和简单监督任务的重要性

How to evaluate word embeddings? On importance of data efficiency and simple supervised tasks

Jagiellonian University(雅盖隆大学)

Stanisław Jastrzebski, Damian Leśniak, Wojciech Marian Czarnecki

摘要:

也许表示学习最重要的一个目标是使后续的学习更快。令人惊讶的是,这一事实并没有很好地反映在嵌入的评估方式中。此外,最近在词嵌入方面的实践表明了学习专门表征的重要性。我们认为,词表征评估的重点应该反映这些趋势,并转向评估哪些有用的信息是容易获得的。具体来说,我们建议评估应该集中在数据效率和简单的监督任务上,其中可用数据的数量是不同的,并且为每个子集报告监督模型的分数(如迁移学习中通常所做的那样)。为了说明这种分析的意义,提出了一个综合评价选定的词嵌入。所提出的方法产生了一个更完整的图片,并带来了新的见解的性能特征,例如信息的字相似性或类比往往是非线性编码的嵌入空间,质疑余弦为基础的,无监督的,评估方法。所有结果和分析脚本均可在线获取。

英文摘要:

Maybe the single most important goal of representation learning is making subsequent learning faster. Surprisingly, this fact is not well reflected in the way embeddings are evaluated. In addition, recent practice in word embeddings points towards importance of learning specialized representations. We argue that focus of word representation evaluation should reflect those trends and shift towards evaluating what useful information is easily accessible. Specifically, we propose that evaluation should focus on data efficiency and simple supervised tasks, where the amount of available data is varied and scores of a supervised model are reported for each subset (as commonly done in transfer learning). In order to illustrate significance of such analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of selected word embeddings is presented. Proposed approach yields a more complete picture and brings new insight into performance characteristics, for instance information about word similarity or analogy tends to be non--linearly encoded in the embedding space, which questions the cosine-based, unsupervised, evaluation methods. All results and analysis scripts are available online.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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