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arXiv 1702.00207astro-ph.EP
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灶神星的分辨光度测量揭示了撞击坑表土的物理性质

Resolved Photometry of Vesta Reveals Physical Properties of Crater Regolith

S. E. Schröder, S. Mottola, H. U. Keller, C. A. Raymond, C. T. Russell

AI总结:

本研究利用黎明号飞船的观测数据反演灶神星表土光度特性,发现相位曲线斜率与表土粗糙度相关,提出冲击园艺导致的喷出物磨平是灶神星太空风化的新形式。

摘要:

在为期一年的轨道任务期间,Dawn(黎明号)航天器多次在不同空间分辨率、光照和观测角度下绘制了主带小行星灶神星的表面地图。机载Framing Camera(取景相机)获取了数千张清晰滤光片和窄带图像,结合高分辨率全球形状模型的可用性,能够以前所未有的细节对表面进行光度表征。我们分析清晰滤光片图像以反演表土的光度特性。在论文的第一部分,我们评估了适用于全球平均值的不同光度模型。在第二部分,我们利用这些结果研究表面反照率和相位曲线陡度的变化。这两个光度参数的分布图显示出大尺度的反照率变化,这些变化似乎与成分差异相关。它们还揭示了光度极端地形的位置,这些区域的相位曲线异常平缓或陡峭。我们发现,根据形状模型计算,平缓的相位曲线与撞击坑壁和断层上的陡坡相关。另一方面,与年轻撞击坑相关的喷出物的相位曲线较为陡峭。我们将这些相位曲线斜率的变化解释为表土的物理粗糙度所致。较古老撞击坑周围缺乏粗糙喷出物,这表明灶神星上撞击坑最初的粗糙喷出物在数千万年的相对较短时间内被磨平。我们提出这一过程是冲击园艺作用的结果,因此代表了灶神星太空风化中一个此前未被认识到的方面(Pieters等人,2012)。如果这种类型的太空风化是普遍存在的,我们可以预期在其他主带小行星上也会遇到这种光度现象。

英文摘要:

During its year-long orbital mission, the Dawn spacecraft has mapped the surface of main-belt asteroid Vesta multiple times at different spatial resolutions and illumination and viewing angles. The onboard Framing Camera has acquired thousands of clear filter and narrow band images, which, with the availability of high-resolution global shape models, allows for a photometric characterization of the surface in unprecedented detail. We analyze clear filter images to retrieve the photometric properties of the regolith. In the first part of the paper we evaluate different photometric models for the global average. In the second part we use these results to study variations in albedo and steepness of the phase curve over the surface. Maps of these two photometric parameters show large scale albedo variations, which appear to be associated with compositional differences. They also reveal the location of photometrically extreme terrains, where the phase curve is unusually shallow or steep. We find that shallow phase curves are associated with steep slopes on crater walls and faults, as calculated from a shape model. On the other hand, the phase curve of ejecta associated with young impact craters is steep. We interpret these variations in phase curve slope in terms of physical roughness of the regolith. The lack of rough ejecta around older craters suggests that initially rough ejecta associated with impact craters on Vesta are smoothed over a relatively short time of several tens of Myr. We propose that this process is the result of impact gardening, and as such represents a previously unrecognized aspect of Vesta space weathering (Pieters et al., 2012). If this type of space weathering is common, we may expect to encounter this photometric phenomenon on other main belt asteroids.

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