AI 中文总结
该研究基于LCROSS、辉夜号等数据，探讨月球极地冰质月壤，发现极地存在含液态水的可能短期流动“月流”，为月球极地水分布及演化提供新证据。
AI 中文摘要
月球环形山观测与传感卫星（LCROSS）实验在卡比厄斯陨石坑（Cabeus crater）永久阴影区（PSR）制造了一个27米大小的陨石坑，结果显示该区域存在高达6%的水。过去独立理论分析得出结论，月球表面其他区域释放的一些水分子会迁移至永久阴影区。目前，对极地地区月壤内及下方数米深度处的冰、冰碎片和其他挥发物总量的估算仍存在较大不确定性。辉夜号（Kaguya）任务的数据提供了强有力证据，表明永久阴影区外的极地地区存在活跃的水汽羽流，喷发高度可达数公里，这些羽流似乎起源于月壤表面下方约20厘米处的地下冰。另一方面，极地高地缺失了直径大于25米的陨石坑，这可能是撞击熔融冰润滑月壤，使其流入初始陨石坑凹陷所致。本研究在月球南北两极均发现了含液态水物质的可能短期流动迹象，即“月流（moonflows）”，这些月流冷却时，月壤超细颗粒可能发生有限的含水蚀变，形成层状硅酸盐（phyllosilicates）。
英文摘要
The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) experiment, which created a crater 27 meters in size, showed that up to 6 percent water appear to be present in the permanently shadowed region (PSR) of Cabeus crater. Past independent theoretical analyses have concluded that some water molecules released elsewhere on the lunar surface can migrate to permanently shadowed areas. The estimated amount of ice, ice fragments, and other volatiles located in the polar regions in and beneath the regolith at depths of several meters may be still affected by significant uncertainties. Data from the Kaguya mission provide strong evidence for active plumes of water vapor erupting from polar regions outside the PSRs to heights of several km. These plumes appear to originate from subsurface ice located beneath the regolith surface at depths of approximately 20 cm. On the other hand, the polar highlands exhibit a relative deficit of craters larger than 25 meters, which may be caused by impact-melted ice lubricating regolith that flowed into initial crater depressions. At both the north and south poles of the Moon, signs of possible short-lived flows of liquid water-bearing material "moonflows" are presented in this work. Limited hydrous alteration of regolith ultra-fines to phyllosilicates may have occurred as these moonflows cooled.
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